Nanoliposomes and Nanoemulsions Based on Chia Seed Lipids: Preparation and Characterization

Abstract

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are important in reducing the risk for cardiovascular, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds contain high levels of omega-3 PUFA, α-linolenic acid (ALA) in particular, and are a potential source for development of omega-3 PUFA-based products. Our objective was to obtain and characterize chia seed lipids, focusing on phospholipid fraction, and to investigate their use in the formulation of nanoemulsions (NE) and nanoliposomes (NL). Solvent-based lipid extraction was performed on the ORURO variety of chia seeds, followed by lipid composition analysis using GC and LC-MS and physico-chemical characterization of chia NL and NE. Folch extraction led to a slightly higher yield of ALA as compared to Soxhlet extraction. Lipid, phospholipid, and fatty acid composition analysis of the oil and residue revealed that the residue was rich in phospholipids; these were used to prepare NE and NL. Physico-chemical characterization showed that NE and NL were generally spherical (transmission electron microscopy), with a size of <120 nm under hydrated conditions that remained stable over 5 days. In conclusion, chia oil and phospholipid-rich residue can be used to obtain stable NL or NE using a simple method that involves spontaneous emulsification during lipid hydration, which potentially may be useful in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and other health applications.

Assessment of the Effects of Salt and Salicornia herbacea L. on Physiochemical, Nutritional, and Quality Parameters for Extending the Shelf-Life of Semi-Dried Mullets (Chelon haematocheilus)

“…The total lipids were analyzed using the Soxhlet method described by AOAC [ 22 ]. In total, 10 g of samples were analyzed using 300 mL of a diethyl ether and petroleum ether mixture (1:1) in Soxhlet apparatus (VWR international, Fontenay-sous-Bois, Rue Carnot, France) for 6 h. The solvent was removed using a BÜCHI Rotavapor R-144 rotary evaporator (BÜCHI Sarl, Villebon-sur-Yvette, Av.…”

The Current State of Knowledge on Salvia hispanica and Salviae hispanicae semen (Chia Seeds)

“…Chia seeds, as a valuable and increasingly popular component of "healthy food", have been the focus of previously published review articles [6,9,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. The authors emphasized the importance of chia seeds as a valuable new food resource with high health and antioxidant potential.…”

“…Encapsulation represents a very important and innovative way to improve biological performance and enhance health outcomes by controlling the delivery of active ingredients and preventing the appearance of side effects. Numerous scientific studies confirm the use of the lipid fraction of chia seeds to create nanoemulsions and nanoliposomes, which have a wide range of health-promoting therapeutic applications [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46].…”

Potential effect of Chia Seeds Crude Extract Nanoparticles on Mcf-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line

“…9 A simple process involving spontaneous emulsification during lipid hydration can be utilised to create stable Nanoliposomes and Nanoemulsions from Chia seed oil and phospholipidrich residue, which could be valuable in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and other health applications. 10 Furthermore, there are currently international Disclosure: The authors have no financial interest to declare in relation to the content of this article. The Article Processing Charge was paid for by the authors.…”