Nanoindentation analysis of 3D printed poly(lactic acid)‐based composites reinforced with graphene and multiwall carbon nanotubes

Batakliev, Todor; Georgiev, Vasil; Ivanov, Evgeni; Kotsilkova, Rumiana; Maio, Rosa Di; Silvestre, Clara; Cimmino, Sossio

doi:10.1002/app.47260

Cited by 32 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Hybrid systems also exhibited improved nanomechanical properties after nanoindentation tests as shown in our previous publication [44]. Synergistic effects were observed in GNP/MWCNT/PLA hybrid composites, when combining GNPs and CNTs at a ratio of 3% GNP/3% CNT and 1.5% GNP: 4.5% CNT.…”

Section: Effect Of Filler Concentration and Combinations Of Nanofillesupporting

confidence: 76%

PLA/Graphene/MWCNT Composites with Improved Electrical and Thermal Properties Suitable for FDM 3D Printing Applications

et al. 2019

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In this study, the structure, electrical and thermal properties of ten polymer compositions based on polylactic acid (PLA), low-cost industrial graphene nanoplates (GNP) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in mono-filler PLA/MWCNT and PLA/GNP systems with 0–6 wt.% filler content were investigated. Filler dispersion was further improved by combining these two carbon nanofillers with different geometric shapes and aspect ratios in hybrid bi-filler nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy exhibited uniform dispersion of nanoparticles in a polymer matrix. The obtained results have shown that for the mono-filler systems with MWCNT or GNP, the electrical conductivity increased with decades. Moreover, a small synergistic effect was observed in the GNP/MWCNT/PLA bi-filler hybrid composites when combining GNP and CNT at a ratio of 3% GNP/3% CNT and 1.5% GNP:4.5% CNT, showing higher electrical conductivity with respect to the systems incorporating individual CNTs and GNPs at the same overall filler concentration. This improvement was attributed to the interaction between CNTs and GNPs limiting GNP aggregation and bridging adjacent graphene platelets thus, forming a more efficient network. Thermal conductivity increases with higher filler content; this effect was more pronounced for the mono-filler composites based on PLA and GNP due to the ability of graphene to better transfer the heat. Morphological analysis carried out by electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and Raman indicated that the nanocomposites present smaller and more homogeneous filler aggregates. The well-dispersed nanofillers also lead to a microstructure which is able to better enhance the electron and heat transfer and maximize the electrical and thermal properties. The obtained composites are suitable for the production of a multifunctional filament with improved electrical and thermal properties for different fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing applications and also present a low production cost, which could potentially increase the competitiveness of this promising market niche.

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Section: Effect Of Filler Concentration and Combinations Of Nanofillesupporting

confidence: 76%

PLA/Graphene/MWCNT Composites with Improved Electrical and Thermal Properties Suitable for FDM 3D Printing Applications

et al. 2019

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“…The effects of increasing filler content on the macro-mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites can be investigated through tensile, flexural or impact tests. Some previous results for mechanical properties of PLA reinforced with carbon nanostructures as graphene [29,30], carbon nanotubes [31] and both nanofillers [32] have been reported in the literature. The incorporation of carbon fillers in a polymer matrix is expected to improve the mechanical properties, especially when carbon nanotubes are used as a reinforcing material [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of Graphene Nanoplatelets and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Composites: A Comparative Study

et al. 2019

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Poly(lactic acid)/graphene and poly(lactic acid)/carbon nanotube nanocomposites were prepared by an easy and low-cost method of melt blending of preliminary grinded poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with nanosized carbon fillers used as powder. Morphological, structural and mechanical properties were investigated to reveal the influence of carbon nanofiller on the PLA–based composite. The dependence of tensile strength on nanocomposite loading was defined by a series of experiments over extruded filaments using a universal mechanical testing instrument. The applying the XRD technique disclosed that compounds crystallinity significantly changed upon addition of multi walled carbon nanotubes. We demonstrated that Raman spectroscopy can be used as a quick and unambiguous method to determine the homogeneity of the nanocomposites in terms of carbon filler dispersion in a polymer matrix.

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“…Preliminary results on the thermal conductivity of monophase-composites, filled exclusively with MWCNTs or GNPs, have been reported in [27]. Results on mechanical properties (e.g., nano-indentation and tensile characteristics) have also been discussed [28,29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present paper, in order to complete this extensive experimental characterization [25,26,27,28,29,30] and verify the applicability of 3D-manufactured composites in electromagnetic (EM) applications, the EM properties in terms of transmission, reflection, absorption coefficients, and complex permittivity in the frequency range from 26 GHz to 37 GHz (the so-called Ka band) and the thermal conductivities of different formulations are investigated. The behavior of either single-filler (mono-phase) or two-filler (multiphase) composites, differently from the analysis in [27], is explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocarbon/Poly(Lactic) Acid for 3D Printing: Effect of Fillers Content on Electromagnetic and Thermal Properties

et al. 2019

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Electromagnetic and thermal properties of a non-conventional polymer nanocomposite based on thermoplastic Polylactic acid (PLA, Ingeo™) filled, in different weight percentage, with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), as well as a mixture of both fillers (MWCNTs/GNPs), are analyzed. The combination of notable electrical, thermal, and electromagnetic (EM) properties of the carbon fillers, in concentrations above the percolation threshold, together with the good processability of the PLA matrix gives rise to innovative filaments for 3D printing. In particular, the shielding efficiency (SE) in the frequency range 26–37 GHz of samples increases from 0.20 dB of unfilled PLA up to 13.4 dB for composites containing MWCNTs and GNPs, corresponding to 4% and 95% of SE, respectively. The thermal conductivity of the PLA loaded with 12 wt % of GNPs is 263% higher than that of the unfilled polymer, whereas an improvement of about 99% and 190% is detected for the PLA matrix loaded with MWCNTs and both fillers, respectively. The EM and thermal characterization is combined with a morphological investigation allowing us to correlate the dispersion states of the fillers within the polymer matrix with the observed EM and thermal properties. The EM and thermal characteristics exhibited by the nanocomposites make them suitable for packaging applications of electronic devices with electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and thermal dissipation features.

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Nanoindentation analysis of 3D printed poly(lactic acid)‐based composites reinforced with graphene and multiwall carbon nanotubes

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

PLA/Graphene/MWCNT Composites with Improved Electrical and Thermal Properties Suitable for FDM 3D Printing Applications

PLA/Graphene/MWCNT Composites with Improved Electrical and Thermal Properties Suitable for FDM 3D Printing Applications

Effects of Graphene Nanoplatelets and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Composites: A Comparative Study

Nanocarbon/Poly(Lactic) Acid for 3D Printing: Effect of Fillers Content on Electromagnetic and Thermal Properties

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