Nanoimprint Lithography of Polymers

Hendricks, Nicholas R.; Carter, K.R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53349-4.00194-1

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 255 publications

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“…Pillar arrays were created via replica molding, which is a two-step imprinting procedure derived from NIL; see Figures and S1 . The first step creates a replica mold of the master mold, where the pillar arrays are transferred to the replica mold as nanoholes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pillar arrays were created via replica molding, which is a two-step imprinting procedure derived from NIL; see Figures 1 and S1. 29 The first step creates a replica mold of the master mold, where the pillar arrays are transferred to the replica mold as nanoholes. The master molds are electron-etched silicon wafers decorated with pillar arrays (1 × 1 cm 2 ) obtained from Nano Imprint Lithography Technology (Kongens Lyngby, Denmark) and prepared for the NIL procedure by assembling a HFDTS monolayer on their surface.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatially Organized Nanopillar Arrays Dissimilarly Affect the Antifouling and Antibacterial Activities of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Heckmann

Schiffman

2019

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Bacterial attachment and proliferation on surfaces threaten human health and negatively impact the medical, food processing, and marine industries. In this study, we synthetically produced bioinspired nanotopographies to probe the structure− property relationship between feature size/spacing and the outcome behavior of two distinct microorganisms, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Two different poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) pillar arrays with characteristic pitches of 480 and 1100 nm were fabricated using nanoimprint lithography, which is a lowcost, scalable, and time-efficient method to create numerous replicates from one precious master mold. The effect that the pillar arrays had on the short-term antifouling activity, viability, and/or patterning of the two microorganisms was determined and compared to that of flat PDMS surfaces. The larger P1100 pillar arrays showed antifouling behavior against the larger microbe, E. coli, whereas the same pillars spontaneously patterned the smaller S. aureus cells. Smaller P480 nanopillar arrays expressed bactericidal effects toward E. coli, whereas antifouling behavior was observed for S. aureus. This work aims to improve our basic understanding of how microorganisms interact with bioinspired nanotopographies as well as contribute to the development of engineered surfaces that can be used in industrial settings to control microbial attachment and/or viability.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially Organized Nanopillar Arrays Dissimilarly Affect the Antifouling and Antibacterial Activities of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Heckmann

Schiffman

2019

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…This patterning can be achieved with enhanced throughput when compared to other advanced patterning techniques such as photolithography and e-beam lithography, etc. [22][23][24][25][26] Recently, we demonstrated large-area continuous roll-to-roll nanoimprinting of 1D and 2D micrometer to sub-100 nm features on fl exible substrate using perfl uoropolyether (PFPE) hybrid molds on a custom designed roll-toroll nanoimprinter. [ 27 ] R2RNIL is a platform process technology that can be adapted to a wide range of applications including fl at panel displays, [ 28,29 ] biomedical devices, [ 30 ] fl exible solar cells and antirefl ective coatings for solar cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspended Multiwall Carbon Nanotube‐Based Infrared Sensors via Roll‐to‐Roll Fabrication

John

Muthee

Yogeesh

et al. 2014

Advanced Optical Materials

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thermoelectric [ 5,6 ] and photovoltaic [ 7 ] single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) IR detectors shows good performance, but such detectors require asymmetric fabrication processes that are much more complex than what we describe in this paper. Fabrication of bolometric detectors is fairly straightforward and these can conveniently operate at room temperature. The functioning principle behind a bolometric CNT IR sensor involves incident radiation heating the CNT network, resulting in a measurable change in the CNT's electrical resistance since the resistance of CNTs strongly depends on the temperature. Therefore, reducing the CNT fi lm's thermal link to the environment is necessary to obtain an enhanced bolometric photoresponse. [ 1,8 ] For effi cient bolometer operation, the radiation absorber should have a large absorptivity, low heat capacity, and adequate temperature coeffi cient of resistance. [ 8 ] The very low density, high surface area and negligible heat capacity of CNTs make them very responsive as they are very sensitive to incident radiation. Accordingly, little absorption is needed to heat individual nanotubes and give a measurable response. The bolometric detectors require a bias voltage to generate a photoresponse whereas photovoltaic and thermopile detectors can operate under zero voltage. [ 6,9 ] CNT-based bolometric IR detectors can be broadly categorized into two groups: i) SWCNT-polymer composite fi lms where SWCNTs are uniformly embedded in polymer matrix [10][11][12][13][14] and ii) suspended SWCNT/MWCNT networks or individual bundles prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or vacuum fi ltration transfer. [ 1,8,[15][16][17][18] Recently, the bolometric characteristics of CNT-polystyrene composite fi lms were examined and a responsivity of 500 V/W and response time of around 200 ms for the composite IR sensor were observed. [ 12 ] Several similar reports on IR sensors based on CNT-polymer composite fi lms show response times on the order of hundreds of milliseconds. [10][11][12][13][14] Slower response time and complex sensor fabrication methods unsuitable for large volume fabrication are the major draw backs of CNT-polymer composite IR sensors and printed MWCNT IR sensors [ 19 ] on plastic. A plastic CNT sensor with the incorporation of an absorber and a refl ector for better sensor performance has also been reported. [ 20 ] Suspending CNTs in air or vacuum has been shown to reduce their thermal link to the environment leading to significant enhancement of the bolometric photoresponse. [ 1,8,[15][16][17][18]

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“…21 The laterally controlled fabrication of DFB gratings for organic semiconductor lasers has only been addressed so far by using nanograting transfer to transfer the gratings onto a homogeneous gain material layer, 22 and a rather complex approach using direct electron beam lithography (EBL) on conjugated polymers. 23 On the other hand, various substrate scale techniques such as laser interference lithography (LIL) 24 and nanoimprint lithography (NIL) 25 are available to achieve the low-cost fabrication of high-quality DFB corrugation nanostructures on an LOC platform. Among them, NIL promises the mass-production of extremely ne structures with feature sizes down to 10 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 The resolution of NIL can be further improved by the fabrication of a rigid mold with sub-10 nm features. 25 Nowadays, two main subjects of NIL are frequently used in the fabrication of DFB corrugations for organic semiconductor laser applications: thermal nanoimprint lithography (TNIL, also known as hot embossing) and UV-assisted nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL). [27][28][29][30] UV-NIL is an option to fabricate localized DFB corrugations without negative effects on the existing structures, but it is mandatory to use special photoactive materials in the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic semiconductor distributed feedback laser pixels for lab-on-a-chip applications fabricated by laser-assisted replication

et al. 2014

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The integration of organic semiconductor distributed feedback (DFB) laser sources into all-polymer chips is promising for biomedical or chemical analysis. However, the fabrication of DFB corrugations is often expensive and time-consuming. Here, we apply the method of laser-assisted replication using a near-infrared diode laser beam to efficiently fabricate inexpensive poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chips with spatially localized organic DFB laser pixels. This time-saving fabrication process enables a pre-defined positioning of nanoscale corrugations on the chip and a simultaneous generation of nanoscale gratings for organic edge-emitting laser pixels next to microscale waveguide structures. A single chip of size 30 mm × 30 mm can be processed within 5 min. Laser-assisted replication allows for the subsequent addition of further nanostructures without a negative impact on the existing photonic components. The minimum replication area can be defined as being as small as the diode laser beam focus spot size. To complete the fabrication process, we encapsulate the chip in PMMA using laser transmission welding.

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Nanoimprint Lithography of Polymers

Cited by 8 publications

References 255 publications

Spatially Organized Nanopillar Arrays Dissimilarly Affect the Antifouling and Antibacterial Activities of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Spatially Organized Nanopillar Arrays Dissimilarly Affect the Antifouling and Antibacterial Activities of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Suspended Multiwall Carbon Nanotube‐Based Infrared Sensors via Roll‐to‐Roll Fabrication

Organic semiconductor distributed feedback laser pixels for lab-on-a-chip applications fabricated by laser-assisted replication

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