Nanogel particulates located within diffusion cell receptor phases following topical application demonstrates uptake into and migration across skin

Preparation and evaluation of chitosan-based nanogels/gels for oral delivery of myricetin

“…Nanogels exhibit several advantages that were embodied in both hydrogels and nanoscale carriers. For example, nanogels can be easily administered and can swell 1~30 times with a three-dimensional structure, from which drugs are expected to a sustained release (Moya-Ortega et al, 2012;Oh et al, 2008;Samah et al, 2010). Furthermore, nanogels can lead to a high specific surface area because of the nanoscale size and consequently increase the solubility and pharmacokinetics of the conjugated drug molecules (Li et al, 2011;Pérez et al, 2014).…”

Biocompatibility and characterization of polyglycerol-based thermoresponsive nanogels designed as novel drug-delivery systems and their intracellular localization in keratinocytes

“…efficiently into the viable epidermis of human skin which is primarily composed of keratinocytes (Asadian-Birjand et al, 2012a;Samah et al, 2010;Witting et al, 2015). Potential interactions with keratinocytes of the viable epidermis cannot be entirely excluded, particularly in diseased and, hence, barrier impaired skin.…”

“…potent glucocorticoids, tacrolimus) for the treatment of severe inflammatory skin diseases, to the best of our knowledge, has not been investigated. Moreover, dPG-based tNGs are capable of enhancing penetration through biological barriers such as the stratum corneum of human skin, penetrate into the hair follicles and can be taken up by cells (Rancan et al, 2016;Sahle et al, 2017;Samah et al, 2010). Therefore, it is of utmost importance to conduct a detailed toxicological evaluation, since there are only a few studies on the adverse biological effects of tNGs in skin cells, especially keratinocytes (Naha et al, 2010).…”

Enhanced topical delivery and anti-inflammatory activity of methotrexate from an activated nanogel

“…However, other workers have as yet been unable to visualize nanoparticles within the skin [28], despite a growing body of evidence demonstrating enhanced fluxes from such structures [29,30]. Perhaps the most compelling evidence to date involves their location in the receptor phases of Franz diffusion cells, following the dosing onto skin of nanoparticles prepared from gold [31] and polyNIPAM [32].…”