Nanofocusing of hard X-ray free electron laser pulses using diamond based Fresnel zone plates

Dávid, Christian; Gorelick, Sergey; Rutishauser, Simon; Krzywiński, J.; Vila‐Comamala, Joan; Guzenko, Vitaliy A.; Bunk, Oliver; Färm, Elina; Ritala, Mikko; Cammarata, Marco; Fritz, David; Barrett, R.; Samoylova, Liubov; Grünert, Jan; Sinn, H.

doi:10.1038/srep00057

Cited by 136 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…In addition to the photon energy, pulse duration, and spectral characteristics, it is important to have an accurate knowledge of the single pulse x-ray wavefront, which affects focal plane intensity and profile, spot size, and spatial resolution, as well as centroid location within the focal plane. Among techniques currently in use are the following: burn patterns that ablate material as a function of intensity across the focal plane [5,6]; Hartmann masks, which track localized wavefront vectors [7,8]; double grating interferometers, each grating having a two-dimensional checkerboard pattern, where the second grating produces a spatially downshifted Moiré pattern [9,10]; and x-ray speckle tracking techniques [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-accuracy wavefront sensing for x-ray free electron lasers

Liu

Seaberg

Zhu

et al. 2018

Optica

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Systematic understanding and real-time feedback capability for x-ray free electron laser (FEL) accelerator and optical components are critical for scientific experiments and instrument performance. Single-shot wavefront sensing enables characterization of the intensity and local electric field distribution at the sample plane, something that is important for understanding scientific experiments such as nonlinear studies. It can also provide feedback for alignment and tuning of the FEL beam and instrumentation optics, leading to optimal instrument performance and greater operational efficiency. A robust, sensitive, and accurate single-shot wavefront sensor for x-ray FEL beams using single grating Talbot interferometry has been developed. Experiments performed at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) demonstrate 3σ sensitivity and accuracy, both better than λ∕100, and retrieval of hard x-ray (λ 0.13 nm, E 9.5 keV) wavefronts in 3D. Exhibiting high performance from both unfocused and focused beams, the same setup can be used to systematically study the wavefront from the FEL output, beam transport optics, and endstation focusing optics. This technique can be extended for use with softer and harder x rays with modified grating configurations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-accuracy wavefront sensing for x-ray free electron lasers

Liu

Seaberg

Zhu

et al. 2018

Optica

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“…Many of these devices, such as detectors, substrates, x-ray mirrors and diffractive optics, involve carbon-based materials, in particular diamond. [27][28][29][30][31] Thus, good understanding and accurate modeling of the damage mechanisms within irradiated diamond are crucial for the success of further experiments and the operation of FELs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonthermal graphitization of diamond induced by a femtosecond x-ray laser pulse

2013

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Diamond irradiated with an ultrashort intense laser pulse in the regime of photon energies from soft up to hard x rays can undergo a phase transition to graphite. This transition is induced by an excitation of electrons from the valence band or from atomic deep shells of the material into its conduction band, which is followed by a transient rapid change of the interatomic potential. Such a nonthermal phase transition occurs on a femtosecond time scale, shortly after or even during the laser pulse. In this work we show that the duration of the graphitization depends on the incoming photon energy: the higher the photon energy is, the longer the secondary electron cascading which promotes the electrons into the conduction band will take. The transient kinetics of the electronic and atomic processes during the graphitization is analyzed in detail. The damage threshold fluence is calculated in the broad photon energy range and is found to be always ∼0.7 eV/atom in terms of the average dose absorbed per atom. It is confirmed that the temporal characteristics of a femtosecond laser pulse (at a fixed pulse duration and fluence) do not significantly influence the transient damage kinetics. Finally, the influence of an additional surface layer of high-Z material on the damage within diamond is discussed.

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“…[43][44][45] Also, several groups of researchers around the world have proposed and tested methods for focusing x-rays from modern sources to beam sizes tens to hundreds of nm's across. [46][47][48] While many of these techniques focus on hard x-rays whose energy exceeds that of core electronic transitions, there is no a priori reason why similar techniques cannot be applied in the region of 200-1000 eV.…”

Section: Spontaneous Inelastic Scattering Of Lg Beams From Vibromentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining resonant inelastic spontaneous scattering of classical Laguerre-Gauss beams from molecules

Rury

2013

Phys. Rev. A

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This paper theoretically treats the spontaneous resonant inelastic scattering of Laguerre-Gauss (LG) beams from the totally symmetric vibrations of complex polyatomic molecules within the semiclassical framework. We develop an interaction Hamiltonian that accounts for the position of the molecule within the excitation beam to derive the effective differential scattering cross-section of a classical LG beam from a molecule using the frequency domain third order nonlinear optical response function. To gain physical insight into this scattering process, we utilize a model vibronic molecule to study the changes to this scattering process. For specific molecular parameters including vibrational frequency and relative displacement of the involved electronic states, this investigation shows that an incident LG beam asymmetrically enhances one of two participating excitation transitions causing modulation of the interference present in the scattering process. This modulation allows a pathway to coherent control of resonant inelastic scattering from complex, poly-atomic molecules. We discuss the possible application of this control to the resonant x-ray inelastic scattering (RIXS) of small poly-atomic molecules central to applications ranging from single molecule electronics to solar energy science.

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Nanofocusing of hard X-ray free electron laser pulses using diamond based Fresnel zone plates

Cited by 136 publications

References 25 publications

High-accuracy wavefront sensing for x-ray free electron lasers

High-accuracy wavefront sensing for x-ray free electron lasers

Nonthermal graphitization of diamond induced by a femtosecond x-ray laser pulse

Examining resonant inelastic spontaneous scattering of classical Laguerre-Gauss beams from molecules

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