Nanoflows induced by MEMS and NEMS: Limits of two-dimensional models

Liem, Alyssa T.; Arı, Atakan B.; Ti, Chaoyang; Cops, Mark J.; McDaniel, J. Gregory; Ekinci, K. L.

doi:10.1103/physrevfluids.6.024201

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These predictions match well with our experimental data for frequencies 2.5 MHz. The measured k I deviates from theory at low frequency because of the added squeeze damping 20 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 56%

“…NEMS-based detection of individual atoms and molecules 7,8 , single charge quanta 9,10 , and vibrations of single microorganisms 11,12 has established the potential of NEMS sensors. NEMS are also at the forefront of fundamental physical science, opening up studies in quantum mechanics 13 , optomechanics 14 , Brownian motion 15,16 , fluid mechanics [17][18][19][20] , and nanoelectronics [21][22][23][24] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We now show how the frequency-dependent spatial profile of driven NEMS oscillations can be related to the physical properties of the fluid by using Stokes' theory of the oscillating cylinder in a viscous fluid 20,29,30 . We Fourier transform the undamped string equation (γ = 0 and f (x, t) = 0 in Eq.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of NEMS Resonators across Dissipation Limits

Ti,

McDaniel,

Liem

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…These predictions match well with our experimental data for frequencies 2.5 MHz. The measured k I deviates from theory at low frequency because of the added squeeze damping 20 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 56%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of NEMS Resonators across Dissipation Limits

Ti,

McDaniel,

Liem

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Both bodies of water are modeled as viscous compressible Newtonian fluids, and the diameter of the surrounding water sphere is chosen as 100 µm such that all viscous and thermal losses can be captured within the model [Fig. 12(b)] [87]. A pre-stressed eigenfrequency study is used, which consists of a stationary solver followed by an eigenfrequency solver.…”

Section: Temperature Increase Due To Joule Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the Low-Frequency Charge Noise of Bacteria

Yang,

Gress,

Ekinci

2022

Preprint

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Bacteria meticulously regulate their intracellular ion concentrations and create ionic concentration gradients across the bacterial membrane. These ionic concentration gradients provide free energy for many cellular processes and are maintained by transmembrane transport. Given the physical dimensions of a bacterium and the stochasticity in transmembrane transport, intracellular ion concentrations and hence the charge state of a bacterium are bound to fluctuate. Here, we investigate the charge noise of 100s of non-motile bacteria by combining electrical measurement techniques from condensed matter physics with microfluidics. In our experiments, bacteria in a microchannel generate charge density fluctuations in the embedding electrolyte due to random influx and efflux of ions. Detected as electrical resistance noise, these charge density fluctuations display a power spectral density proportional to 1/f 2 for frequencies 0.05 Hz ≤ f ≤ 1 Hz. Fits to a simple noise model suggest that the steady-state charge of a bacterium fluctuates by ±1.30 × 10 6 e (e ≈ 1.60 × 10 −19 C), indicating that bacterial ion homeostasis is highly dynamic and dominated by strong charge noise. The rms charge noise can then be used to estimate the fluctuations in the membrane potential; however, the estimates are unreliable due to our limited understanding of the intracellular concentration gradients.

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“…5,6 NEMS-based detection of individual atoms and molecules, 7,8 single charge quanta, 9,10 and vibrations of single microorganisms 11,12 has established the potential of NEMS sensors. NEMS are also at the forefront of fundamental physical science, opening up studies in quantum mechanics, 13 optomechanics, 14 Brownian motion, 15,16 fluid mechanics, [17][18][19][20] and nanoelectronics. [21][22][23][24] In a typical implementation, 25 one actuates linear oscillations of the NEMS resonator using a force transducer and looks for changes in the phase, frequency, or dissipation due to interactions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of NEMS resonators across dissipation limits

McDaniel

Liem

et al. 2022

Applied Physics Letters

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The oscillatory dynamics of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) is at the heart of many emerging applications in nanotechnology. For common NEMS, such as beams and strings, the oscillatory dynamics is formulated using a dissipationless wave equation derived from elasticity. Under a harmonic ansatz, the wave equation gives an undamped free vibration equation; solving this equation with the proper boundary conditions provides the undamped eigenfunctions with the familiar standing wave patterns. Any harmonically driven solution is expressible in terms of these undamped eigenfunctions. Here, we show that this formalism becomes inconvenient as dissipation increases. To this end, we experimentally map out the position- and frequency-dependent oscillatory motion of a NEMS string resonator driven linearly by a non-symmetric force at one end at different dissipation limits. At low dissipation (high Q factor), we observe sharp resonances with standing wave patterns that closely match the eigenfunctions of an undamped string. With a slight increase in dissipation, the standing wave patterns become lost, and waves begin to propagate along the nanostructure. At large dissipation (low Q factor), these propagating waves become strongly attenuated and display little, if any, resemblance to the undamped string eigenfunctions. A more efficient and intuitive description of the oscillatory dynamics of a NEMS resonator can be obtained by superposition of waves propagating along the nanostructure.

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Nanoflows induced by MEMS and NEMS: Limits of two-dimensional models

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Dynamics of NEMS Resonators across Dissipation Limits

Dynamics of NEMS Resonators across Dissipation Limits

Measurement of the Low-Frequency Charge Noise of Bacteria

Dynamics of NEMS resonators across dissipation limits

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