Nanofiber-mediated sequential photothermal antibacteria and macrophage polarization for healing MRSA-infected diabetic wounds

Abstract

Background Diabetic wound healing remains a challenge because of its susceptibility to drug-resistant bacterial infection and its persistent proinflammatory state. Switching from proinflammatory M1 macrophages (Mφs) to proregenerative M2 dominant Mφs in a timely manner accelerates wound healing by coordinating inflammatory, proliferative, and angiogenic processes. Methods We propose a sequential photothermal antibacterial and subsequent M2 Mφ polarization strategy based on nanofibers (NFs) consisting of polydopamine (PDA) coating on curcumin (Cur) nanocrystals to treat Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected diabetic wounds. Results The PDA/Cur NFs showed excellent photothermal conversion and antibacterial effects due to the PDA shell under laser irradiation, consequently resulting in the release of the inner Cur with the ability to promote cell proliferation and reinforce the M2 Mφ phenotype in vitro. In vivo studies on MRSA-infected diabetic wounds showed that PDA/Cur NFs not only inhibited MRSA infection but also accelerated the wound regeneration process. Furthermore, the NFs displayed the ability to promote the M2 Mφ phenotype with enhanced collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. Conclusion Overall, the NFs displayed great potential as promising therapeutics for healing infected diabetic wounds through a sequential photothermal antibacterial and M2 Mφ polarization strategy. Graphical abstract

Selective Photothermal Therapy Based on Lipopolysaccharide Aptamer Functionalized MoS2 Nanosheet‐Coated Gold Nanorods for Multidrug‐Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection

“…In particular, infection by multidrug‐resistant negative bacteria would delay the healing process and cause chronic wounds. [ 37 ] In the post‐antibiotic period, bacteria continue to generate novel resistance mechanisms due to antibiotic overuse, exposing traditional antibiotics to hazards. [ 38 ] Therefore, targeted therapy strategies based on nanomaterials attracted much attention to tackling these challenges.…”

Synergistic photothermal antibacterial therapy enabled by multifunctional nanomaterials: progress and perspectives

“…Some studies have shown that macrophages play a key role in regulating the inflammation-proliferative phase transition in traumatized environments. 103 During the inflammatory stage, the M1 phenotype of the wound can remove damaged tissue. Under healthy conditions, macrophages differentiate into an anti-inflammatory and regenerative M2 phenotype, which enters the proliferation stage by preventing excessive inflammation and promoting stromal cell proliferation and angiogenesis.…”

Application of Metal–Organic Framework in Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetes

“…For example, the study showed that α-lipoic acid may restore the endothelial cell function disrupted by hyperglycemia through the 3-MST/H 2 S pathway. A photothermal antibacterial platform composed of coated curcumin (Cur) nanocrystals can treat diabetic wounds infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) through an M2 (macrophage) Mφ polarization strategy [ 159 ]. In an acute kidney injury model, these green nanoparticle (tea polyphenol) scavengers can effectively prevent intracellular oxidative damage, accelerate wound healing, and protect kidneys from reactive oxygen species [ 160 ].…”