Nanofabrication of 1-D photonic bandgap structures along a photonic wire

Zhang, J.P.; Chu, D. Y.; Wu, Shengli; Bi, Wengang; Tiberio, R. C.; Joseph, Rose; Taflove, Allen; Tu, C. W.; Ho, Seng-Tiong

doi:10.1109/68.491093

Cited by 46 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…6 summarizes the general strategies adopted so far. The first small-V cavities in semiconductor wafers have been fabricated mainly for laser applications in planar waveguides with PhC mirrors composed of slits and ridges [49][50][51], and then in wire waveguides with PhC mirrors composed of hole chains [24,25]. For abrupt interfaces between the waveguide and the mirror (first row in Fig.…”

Section: Mode Matching At the Mirror/defect Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, many physical phenomena have been observed with unprecedented compactness, integration and power thresholds, such as the Purcell effect [7], strong coupling between quantum dot and cavity modes [8,9], light storing [10], wavelength routing [11] and buffering [12], optical bistability [13], high-speed modulation in silicon [14,15], lasing at ultralow thresholds [16][17][18][19] and single-molecule sensing [20]. Total internal reflection is solely exploited in disk-shaped or wire ring resonators, but a hybrid confinement that combines photonic bandgaps in one or two dimensions with index guiding is exploited in PhC microcavities such as micropillars [21][22][23], PhC cavities in semiconductor wires [24][25][26] or in 2D PhC membranes [27][28][29], see Fig. 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photon confinement in photonic crystal nanocavities

Lalanne¹,

Sauvan²,

Hugonin³

2008

Laser & Photonics Reviews

154

139

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The quest for enhanced light-matter interactions has enabled a tremendous increase in the performance of photonic-crystal nanoresonators in the past decade. State-ofthe-art nanocavities now offer mode lifetime in the nanosecond range with confinement volumes of a few hundredths of a cubic micrometer. These results are certainly a consequence of the rapid development of fabrication techniques and modeling tools at micro-and nanometric scales. For future applications and developments, it is necessary to deeply understand the intrinsic physical quantities that govern the photon confinement in these cavities. We present a review of the different physical mechanisms at work in the photon confinement of almost all modern PhC cavity constructs. The approach relies on a Fabry-Perot picture and emphasizes three intrinsic quantities, the mirror reflectance, the mirror penetration depth and the defect-mode group velocity, which are often hidden by global analysis relying on an a posteriori analysis of the calculated cavity mode. The discussion also includes nanoresonator constructs, such as the important micropillar cavity, for which some subtle scattering mechanisms significantly alter the Fabry-Perot picture. nmPhoton lifetime in photonic crystal nanocavities is mainly limited by Bloch-mode profile mismatches, and by engineering the mirror termination, one may lower the mismatch and increase the lifetime.

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Section: Mode Matching At the Mirror/defect Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photon confinement in photonic crystal nanocavities

Lalanne¹,

Sauvan²,

Hugonin³

2008

Laser & Photonics Reviews

154

139

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“…These geometries will not be discussed hereafter. Over the past decade, many research groups have focused their efforts on PC cavities which can be fabricated with standard planar technologies [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In all these systems, see Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1, the light confinement has a hybrid character: it relies on refraction (total internal reflection) and diffraction. For air-bridge [2][3] or micropillar cavities [9][10] shown in Figs. 1a and 1b, light is confined by refraction in two orthogonal directions and by two 1D PC mirrors in the third direction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modal-reflectivity enhancement by geometry tuning in Photonic Crystal microcavities

Sauvan¹,

Lecamp²,

Lalanne³

et al. 2005

Opt. Express

137

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When a guided wave is impinging onto a Photonic Crystal (PC) mirror, a fraction of the light is not reflected back and is radiated into the claddings. We present a theoretical and numerical study of this radiation problem for several three-dimensional mirror geometries which are important for light confinement in micropillars, air-bridge microcavities and two-dimensional PC microcavities. The cause of the radiation is shown to be a mode-profile mismatch. Additionally, design tools for reducing this mismatch by tuning the mirror geometry are derived. These tools are validated by numerical results performed with a three-dimensional Fourier modal method. Several engineered mirror geometries which lower the radiation loss by several orders of magnitude are designed.

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“…[13][14][15] More recently studies were done by several groups on high-Q, ultrasmall volume cavities in photonic wire/ waveguide structures with a one-dimensional in-plane photonic crystal. [16][17][18] Two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals have also been fabricated and characterized in a variety of semiconductor materials 9,[19][20][21][22] ; however they are not effective, by themselves, in confining optical modes in the third direction. Three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals can be used to trap light in all three directions, and they, too, have been fabricated at optical wavelengths in semiconductors, 8 although of lesser quality and with much more difficulty than in the 2D case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%