Nanocrystalline NiSi alloy as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Electrochemical reaction of the SiMn/C composite for anode in lithium ion batteries

“…It has been demonstrated by many researchers that the cycle performance of the candidate anodes can be improved by using multi-phase instead of single-phase materials [5][6][7][8] or by using thin films as negative materials [9][10][11]. Silicon can alloy with lithium to form four different phases Li 12 Si 7 , Li 7 Si 3 , Li 13 Si 4 and Li 21 Si 5 , and the total theoretical capacity for the reaction of lithium and silicon to Li 21 Si 5 is 1967 mAh g −1 which corresponds to 4.2 mol lithium per mol silicon [12]. Silicon oxide [13,14], Si-based alloys such as SiAg [15,16], SiMg [17][18][19], SiCa [20], SiNi [21], SiFe [22] and Si/C composites [23][24][25] have been reported as anodes for lithium ion batteries.…”

“…Silicon can alloy with lithium to form four different phases Li 12 Si 7 , Li 7 Si 3 , Li 13 Si 4 and Li 21 Si 5 , and the total theoretical capacity for the reaction of lithium and silicon to Li 21 Si 5 is 1967 mAh g −1 which corresponds to 4.2 mol lithium per mol silicon [12]. Silicon oxide [13,14], Si-based alloys such as SiAg [15,16], SiMg [17][18][19], SiCa [20], SiNi [21], SiFe [22] and Si/C composites [23][24][25] have been reported as anodes for lithium ion batteries. Though the cycle stability of Si-based materials was improved to some extent, the initial irreversible capacity loss was so large that they cannot be applied for commercial use.…”

The Science of Electrode Materials for Lithium Batteries

“…There is international excitement in nanostructured materials, which will enable important technologies in the long term [1]. Advantages of nanostructured materials for anodes and cathodes include faster kinetics of lithium transport, minimized stress gradients in the materials, and a possible contribution of grain boundary regions to the capacity for lithium storage [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], but numerous other suggestions have been made and hundreds of studies have been reported. We recently tested several types of nanostructured anode materials for their electrochemical performance in Li coin cells.…”

Towards Improving the Practical Energy Density of Li-Ion Batteries: Optimization and Evaluation of Silicon:Graphite Composites in Full Cells

“…(2) The use of silicon/metal composite where the metal that does not alloy with Li + acts as a matrix that minimizes the volume expansion. 7,16,17 (3) The use of an upper limit on the capacity to make silicon alloy only partially with Li + to control volume changes.…”