Nanocrystalline diamond synthesized from C60

Dubrovinskaia, Natalia; Dubrovinsky, Leonid; Langenhorst, F.; Jacobsen, S. D.; Liebske, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2004.06.017

Cited by 91 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…[4][5][6][7] For centuries diamond has been considered the hardest known material. [8][9][10] However, both theory and experiment suggest that single-walled carbon nonotubes ͑SWNT͒ along their axis are stiffer and stronger than diamond. 11,12 Moreover, theory predicts 4 that diamond nanorod would have a brittle fracture force and a zero strain stiffness that exceeds that of carbon nonotubes for radii greater than about 1-3 nm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it was synthesised in microquantity that was not enough for full characterization of physical properties of the sample. The first synthesis of bulk sample of nanocrystalline diamond from C 60 was recently reported, 8 and complex investigation has suggested that the new material was at least as hard as single crystal diamond and, at high temperature and ambient pressure, kinetically more stable with respect to graphitization than usual diamonds. The theoretical evaluations of properties of diamond nanowires and nanorods, [4][5][6][7] which predicted superior properties of the latter and made them an important and viable target for synthesis, encouraged our search for the methods of their production.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Aggregated diamond nanorods, the densest and least compressible form of carbon

Dubrovinskaia

Dubrovinsky

Crichton

et al. 2005

Applied Physics Letters

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We report the synthesis of aggregated diamond nanorods (ADNRs) from fullerene C60 at 20(1) GPa and 2200 °C using a multianvil apparatus. Individual diamond nanoroads are of 5–20 nm in diameter and longer than 1μm. The x-ray and measured density of ADNRs is ∼0.2%–0.4% higher than that of usual diamond. The extremely high isothermal bulk modulus KT=491(3)GPa [compare to KT=442(4)GPa of diamond] was obtained by in situ x-ray diffraction study. Thus, ADNRs is the densest among all carbon materials and it has the lowest so far experimentally determined compressibility.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Aggregated diamond nanorods, the densest and least compressible form of carbon

Dubrovinskaia

Dubrovinsky

Crichton

et al. 2005

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Results 'Lonsdaleite' diffraction features. The XRD patterns of Canyon Diablo diamonds and the synthetic material display the poorly resolved diffraction maxima attributed [1][2][3]14,15,19,20 to 'lonsdaleite' (Fig. 1a).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, these exceptional properties have not been proven experimentally because of the inability to synthesize lonsdaleite as a pure phase. It has been reported to form during static compression of graphite 3,9,13,[15][16][17][18] ; highpressure-high-temperature treatment of powdered diamond, graphite and amorphous carbon 19 ; explosive detonation and shock compression of graphite 11,20 and diamond 21 ; and chemical vapour deposition of hydrocarbon gases 22 ; however, in all cases the synthesis product also contained cubic diamond, graphite or both.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lonsdaleite is faulted and twinned cubic diamond and does not exist as a discrete material

et al. 2014

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Lonsdaleite, also called hexagonal diamond, has been widely used as a marker of asteroidal impacts. It is thought to play a central role during the graphite-to-diamond transformation, and calculations suggest that it possesses mechanical properties superior to diamond. However, despite extensive efforts, lonsdaleite has never been produced or described as a separate, pure material. Here we show that defects in cubic diamond provide an explanation for the characteristic d-spacings and reflections reported for lonsdaleite. Ultrahigh-resolution electron microscope images demonstrate that samples displaying features attributed to lonsdaleite consist of cubic diamond dominated by extensive {113} twins and {111} stacking faults. These defects give rise to nanometre-scale structural complexity. Our findings question the existence of lonsdaleite and point to the need for re-evaluating the interpretations of many lonsdaleite-related fundamental and applied studies.

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“…Further extension of this approach to include microstructural constraints in the process of generating CRNs (such as those possibly responsible for ultrahigh hardness in [41]) depends only on the availability of suitable computational resources.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of amorphous carbon structures with arbitrary structural constraints

Jornada¹,

Gava²,

Martinotto³

et al. 2010

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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In this paper we describe a method to generate amorphous structures with arbitrary structural constraints. This method employs the Simulated Annealing algorithm to minimize a simple yet carefully tailored Cost Function (CF). The Cost Function is composed of two parts: a simple harmonic approximation for the energy-related terms and a cost that penalizes configurations that do not have atoms in the desired coordinations. Using this approach, we generated a set of amorphous carbon structures spawning nearly all the possible combinations of sp, sp 2 and sp 3 hybridizations. The bulk moduli of this set of amorphous carbons structures was calculated using Brenner's potential. The bulk modulus strongly depends on the mean coordination, following a power law behavior with an exponent ν = 1.51 ± 0.17. A modified Cost Function that segregates carbon with different hybridizations is also presented, and another set of structures was generated.With this new set of amorphous materials, the correlation between the bulk modulus and the mean coordination weakens. This method proposed can be easily modified to explore the effects on physical properties of the presence hydrogen, dangling bonds, and structural features such as carbon rings.

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Nanocrystalline diamond synthesized from C60

Cited by 91 publications

References 19 publications

Aggregated diamond nanorods, the densest and least compressible form of carbon

Aggregated diamond nanorods, the densest and least compressible form of carbon

Lonsdaleite is faulted and twinned cubic diamond and does not exist as a discrete material

Modeling of amorphous carbon structures with arbitrary structural constraints

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