Nanocrystalline cellulose derived from spruce wood: Influence of process parameters

Kumar, Pawan; Miller, Kimberly; Kermanshahi-pour, Azadeh; Brar, Satinder Kaur; Beims, Ramon Filipe; Xu, Chunbao

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.017

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…As a result of alkaline extraction and acetic boiling during 180 min of each treatment, the obtained OHP had a residual lignin content of 0.16% and an ash content of 0.08% and was used to obtain hemp nanocellulose. The obtained OHP has quality indicators close to those for organosolv pulps obtained earlier from other representatives of non-wood plant raw materials -wheat straw, flax, kenaf, miscanthus, reed [25][26][27] and has a lower residual lignin content than bleached coniferous cellulose, which was used to obtain nanocellulose in work [30] (lignin content 0.66%). NC, obtained by extraction of organosolv hemp pulp by different methods, had different values of yield from the mass of OHP.…”

Section: Cooking Hemp Pulpsupporting

confidence: 67%

Comparative Characteristics of Hemp Nanocellulose Extracted by Different Methods

Basbash

Yashchenko

Yakymenko

2022

J. Mater. Sci. Technol. Res.

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The study describes the extraction of nanocellulose from organosolv hemp pulp (OHP) by different methods: acid hydrolysis, oxidation in the medium of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and in deep eutectic solvent (DES). OHP was obtained from renewable plant material - hemp fibers by extraction with NaOH solution and cooking using a mixture of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. SEM and FTIR data confirmed the reduction of cellulosic fibers and the removal of non-cellulosic components from hemp samples during their sequential thermochemical treatment. The data of X-ray structural and thermogravimetric analyzes confirmed that with increasing crystallinity index and resistance of cellulose-containing hemp samples to the influence of temperature, the obtained nanocelluloses are arranged in the following order: OHP – NCD – NCT – NCH. The values of physical and mechanical parameters of hemp nanocelluloses obtained by different methods are compared. It was established that with approximately the same values of the transverse size of hemp nanoparticles, nanocellulose obtained in the process of acid hydrolysis (NСH) has higher values of physical and mechanical parameters than nanocellulose obtained in TEMPO-medium (NCT) and in the DES (NCD).

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Section: Cooking Hemp Pulpsupporting

confidence: 67%

Comparative Characteristics of Hemp Nanocellulose Extracted by Different Methods

Basbash

Yashchenko

Yakymenko

2022

J. Mater. Sci. Technol. Res.

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“…But at the same time, it was noted that stability, as reflected by zeta potential, is better at higher acid concentration (60%, 50%, and 40%) treatment corresponding to 33.6±1.1 mV, 26.4±0.3mV and-12.8±0.6 mV. The negatively charged gluconate ions give net anionic charge to the CNC, resulting in repulsion and hence more stability at higher acid concentrations [31]. As pharmaceutical excipients in different capacities, CNC prepared from various acid ratios can contribute to aqueous dispersion as clear from zeta potential [32].…”

Section: Particle Size Analysis and Aqueous Dispersion Stability By D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Synthesis and Characterization of Tunable and Multipurpose Nanocellulose From Freshwater Aquatic Weed as Pharmaceutical Excipient

et al. 2023

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Objective: The main objective of this work was to understand the basic properties of crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) that can be useful as a novel excipient in pharmaceutical formulations. This covers the isolation and preparation of nanocellulose followed by characterization. Methods: Cellulose was isolated from aquatic weed by autoclaving and bleaching. Cellulose to CNC conversion involved gluconic acid treatments at different concentrations (40%, 50% and 60%) followed by centrifugation and neutralization. CNC was further characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermo gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for surface morphology, elemental analysis by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), crystallinity index by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and optical microscopy. Results: Acid concentration affects the moisture uptake, particle size, and yield of CNC. CNC size ranged from 350 nm to 900 nm with a crystallinity index 80% to 85%. Moisture uptake was 6.38±0.12% at 33% relative humidity. DSC and TGA established thermal stability over 200 °C. Nanocellulose has shown Angle of repose (28.81°), Carrs index (12.32), zeta potential (33mV) values and heavy metals within pharmacopoeial limits. Conclusion: CNC from water hyacinth was prepared successfully by sustainable process. CNC physico-chemical characterization revealed the stable nature of CNC, suitable to be used as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations.

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“…The resulting nanocellulose had a crystallinity index of 72% and a length ranging from 436.22 to 440.04 nm. In similar way, Kumar et al [14] used sulfuric acid hydrolysis followed by mechanical fibrillation to produced cellulose nano crystals from spruce wood. It was found that acid hydrolysis followed by mechanical fibrillation had high yield, aspect ratio (up to 48) and crystallinity index of 80.8 ± 1.7%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of cellulose from soybean hulls for the development of polymer matrix composites with fishtail palm fibers

Wondimu

2024

Mater. Res. Express

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This study aims to extract and characterize cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from soybean hulls and investigate their application as reinforcement in fishtail palm leaf stalk fiber (FPLSF) composites. CNCs were extracted through a multistep process involving alkalization, bleaching, acid hydrolysis, and mechanical fibrillation. The analysis confirmed the transformation of cellulose I to cellulose II, yielding nanocrystals with a 70.58% crystallinity index and thermal degradation peak at 371°C. FTIR analysis verified the removal of lignin and hemicellulose after extraction. The extracted CNCs were incorporated into FPLSF-epoxy composites at 2.5-10 wt% loading. Results showed 7.5 wt% CNCs (FT/SH4) provided optimal mechanical properties, with 51.4 MPa tensile strength, 46.09 MPa flexural strength, and 36.47 kJ/mm2 impact strength. Lower CNC percentages showed significantly inferior properties due to poor fiber-matrix interfacial bonding. Overall, extracted soybean hull CNCs demonstrated good reinforcement capabilities for natural fiber composites. This provides a sustainable application route for agricultural residues and contributes to the development of high-performance biocomposites.

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Nanocrystalline cellulose derived from spruce wood: Influence of process parameters

Cited by 10 publications

References 50 publications

Comparative Characteristics of Hemp Nanocellulose Extracted by Different Methods

Comparative Characteristics of Hemp Nanocellulose Extracted by Different Methods

Sustainable Synthesis and Characterization of Tunable and Multipurpose Nanocellulose From Freshwater Aquatic Weed as Pharmaceutical Excipient

Extraction of cellulose from soybean hulls for the development of polymer matrix composites with fishtail palm fibers

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