Nanocomposite-based controlled release formulation of an herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate incapsulated in zinc–aluminium-layered double hydroxide

Abstract

Controlled release formulation of an herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (24D) was developed by the virtue of the formation of organicinorganic nanohybrid material and its ion exchange property. The inorganic Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (ZAL) was used as a matrix, hosting an active agent or a guest, 24D by self-assembly technique. The resulting material (ZAD) was subsequently used to study the release property of 24D into aqueous solutions containing chloride, carbonate as well as distilled water. The release of the guest 24D was found to be rapid initially followed by a more sustained release thereafter and this behavior was dependent on the type of anions and their concentrations in the release medium, the aqueous solution. The mechanism of release has been interpreted on the basis of the ion exchange process between the 24D anion intercalated into the interlamellae host and carbonate or chloride and/or hydroxyl anions in the aqueous solution. q

3,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate interleaved into anionic clay for controlled release formulation of a new environmentally friendly agrochemical

“…The third weight loss at 417.2°C corresponds to the major decomposition of the organic moiety in the interlayer of the nanohybrid, leaving only a relatively less volatile metal oxide. The weight loss of 6.7% that occurred at around 963.2°C is due to the decomposition of the more stable compound of the inorganic layered composition of the nanohybrid by combustion reaction [25]. The decomposition temperature for pure 3,4-D is 270.1°C, but the thermal stability of 3,4-D is greatly improved after intercalation between the LDH layer which is 417.2°C, implying that ZAL can be used as an alternative inorganic matrix for storing an active organic moiety with better thermal stability.…”

Safe nanotechnologies for increasing the effectiveness of environmentally friendly natural agrochemicals

“…They have been successfully used as carriers for the plant growth regulator, -naphthalene acetate and for the controlled release of the herbicide, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetate. 26 They were further studied as a carrier for the natural antibiotic cinnamate, 27 which is a problematic agrochemical because of its rapid degradation in soil and the high dosages necessary for effectiveness. When loaded in nanoclays, it proved to be released more slowly and to be retained in the soil for a longer period.…”

Controlled release of organic–inorganic nanohybrid:cefadroxil intercalated Zn–Al-layered double hydroxide

“…According to the literature, 114,115 the effect of various medium anionic species on the release of herbicides from the interlayer of ZnAl-LDH (ZAN) follows the following order: i) for single system release media, carbonate anion . phosphate anion .…”