Nanocellulose as a green and sustainable emerging material in energy applications: a review

Julkapli, Nurhidayatulllaili Muhd; Bagheri, Samira

doi:10.1002/pat.4074

Cited by 51 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The nanocellulose provided a high strength matrix, where paraffin would not have formed an easily manipulable paper on its own. However, by far the main application of nanocellulose in energy applications is its use as a (super)capacitor due to its high permanent electric dipole moment, lightweight, good mechanical properties, good optical transparency, and its minimal porosity, thermal expansion coefficient, and air permeability 426 . The reader interested in supercapacitors based on cellose is directed to a complete and specialized review of the topic 427 .…”

Section: Energy Conservation and Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocellulose, a Versatile Green Platform: From Biosources to Materials and Their Applications

Thomas¹,

Raj²,

B³

et al. 2018

Chem. Rev.

1,181

752

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With increasing environmental and ecological concerns due to the use of petroleum based chemicals and products, the synthesis of fine chemicals and functional materials from natural resources is of great public value. Nanocellulose may prove to be one of the most promising green materials of modern times due to its intrinsic properties, renewability and abundance. In this review, we present nanocellulose-based materials from sourcing, synthesis, and surface modification of nanocellulose, to materials formation and applications. Nanocellulose can be sourced from biomass, plants or bacteria, relying of fairly simple, scalable and efficient isolation techniques. Mechanical, chemical, enzymatic treatments, or a combination of these, can be used to extract nanocellulose from natural sources. The properties of nanocellulose are dependent on the source, the isolation technique and potential subsequent surface transformations. Nanocellulose surface modification techniques are typically used to introduce either charged or hydrophobic moieties, and include: amidation, esterification, etherification, silylation, polymerization, urethanization, sulfonationand phosphorylation. Nanocellulose has excellent strength, Young's modulus, biocompatibility, and tunable self-assembly, thixotropic and photonic properties, which are essential for the applications of this material. Nanocellulose participates in the fabrication of a large range of nanomaterials and nanocomposites, including those based on polymers, metals, metal oxides and carbon. In particular, nanocellulose complements organic-based materials, where it imparts its mechanical properties to the composite. Nanocellulose is a promising material whenever material strength, flexibility and/or specific nanostructuring are required. Applications include functional paper, optoelectronics and antibacterial coatings, packaging, mechanically reinforced polymer composites, tissue scaffolds, drug delivery, biosensors, energy storage, catalysis, environmental remediation and 3 electrochemical controlled separation. Phosphorylated nanocellulose is a particularly interesting material, spanning a surprising set of applications in various dimensions including bone scaffolds, adsorbents, flame retardants and as a support for the heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts.

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Section: Energy Conservation and Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocellulose, a Versatile Green Platform: From Biosources to Materials and Their Applications

Thomas¹,

Raj²,

B³

et al. 2018

Chem. Rev.

1,181

752

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In nanotechnology, attainment and use of the cellulose's nanofibers and its applications in composite materials have attracted attention of researchers due to its high resistance and rigidity and low weight (Julkapli & Bagheri, 2017). Besides those desirable mechanical properties, cellulose nanofibers present other interesting features for reinforcing nanocomposites, enabling optically transparent films with a very low thermal expansion coefficient that are still easily foldable (Fall et al, 2014;Kargarzadeh et al, 2017;Shimizu et al, 2016;Toivonen et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Films Produced from the Bleached Pinus sp. Kraft Pulp

et al. 2019

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This study investigates the physical and mechanical properties of nanostructured films produced from Pinus sp. kraft pulp. To obtain the nanocellulose, the bleached kraft pulp was submitted to six different grinding regimes: two, five, ten, 20, 30, and 40 passes through the grinder. The influence of the number of passes was evaluated through the films’ physical and mechanical properties. The results show that the nanofibers reduced the thickness and considerably increased the density values of the fabricated films. The tensile strength increased more than 300% and the burst index was ten times higher in relation to normal papers. The more compact structure and lower porosity caused by the larger contact surface between nanofibers in the nanostructured films resulted in higher values of density, tensile strength, and burst resistance.

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“…Due to the different supermolecular structures of cellulose I and cellulose II, the mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties of these two types of fibers change significantly [6]. Interest in cellulose II fibers has increased owing to their excellent properties, and the application of cellulose in the chemicals industry has been further expanded [7]. Moreover, it was said that cellulose II is a better feedstock than cellulose I in biofuel production [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of nanostructured celluloses, or nanocellulose, has drawn significant interest in recent years due to its rich sources, nanoscale dimensions, high strength, light weight, renewability, and assembly performance [7,9]. There are several methods for preparing nanocellulose, including acid hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, mechanical treatment, and so on [1,10]; among these methods, mechanical treatment includes ultrasonication, high-pressure homogenization, grinding, and cryocrushing [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study on the Characterization of Nanofibers with Cellulose I, I/II, and II Polymorphs from Wood

Wang

et al. 2019

Polymers

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Polymorphic changes in cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are closely related to their properties and applications, and it is of interest to investigate how polymorphic changes influence their properties. A comparative study on the properties of CNFs with cellulose I, I/II, and II polymorphs from wood was conducted herein. CNFs were obtained by chemical extraction combined with a simple and efficient mechanical treatment (one pass through a grinder). This process resulted in a relatively high yield of 80–85% after a simple grinding treatment. The polymorphic changes in the CNFs and the chemical composition, morphology, tensile performances, and thermal properties were systematically characterized and compared. The X-ray diffraction and FTIR analyses verified the existence of three types of purified pulps and CNFs with cellulose I, cellulose I/II, and cellulose II polymorphs (CNF-I, CNF-I/II, CNF-II). Morphological observations presented that these three types of CNFs all exhibited high aspect ratios and entangled structures. Tensile testing showed that the CNF films all exhibited high tensile strengths, and the fracture strains of the CNF-I/II (11.8%) and CNF-II (13.0%) films were noticeably increased compared to those of the CNF-I film (6.0%). If CNF-II is used as reinforcing material, its larger fracture strain can improve the mechanical performance of the CNF composites, such as fracture toughness and impact strength. In addition, CNF-I, CNF-I/II, and CNF-II films showed very low thermal expansion in the range 20–150 °C, with the coefficient of thermal expansion values of 9.4, 17.1, and 17.3 ppm/K, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the degradation temperature of CNF-I and CNF-II was greater than that of CNF-I/II, which was likely due to increased α-cellulose content. This comparative study of the characterization of CNF-I, CNF-I/II, and CNF-II provides a theoretical basis for the application of CNFs with different polymorphs and could broaden the applications of CNFs.

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Nanocellulose as a green and sustainable emerging material in energy applications: a review

Cited by 51 publications

References 93 publications

Nanocellulose, a Versatile Green Platform: From Biosources to Materials and Their Applications

Nanocellulose, a Versatile Green Platform: From Biosources to Materials and Their Applications

Nanostructured Films Produced from the Bleached Pinus sp. Kraft Pulp

A Comparative Study on the Characterization of Nanofibers with Cellulose I, I/II, and II Polymorphs from Wood

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