Nanocellular CO2 foaming of PMMA assisted by block copolymer nanostructuration

Pinto, Javier; Dumon, Michel; Pedros, Matthieu; Reglero, J.A.; Rodríguez‐Pérez, Miguel Ángel

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2014.01.021

Cited by 82 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For instance, it is well known than poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and copolymers based on PMMA can be used to produce nanocellular foams [2] using the socalled solid state foaming method [3]. Different foaming conditions can be used to obtain nanocells between 20 and 200 nm and relative densities around 0.4-0.5 [4,5]. For polycarbonate (PC) systems, Guo et al [6] obtained cell sizes of the order of 20 nm and relative densities around 0.6 working with low saturation temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and characterization of nanocellular polyphenylsulfone foams

2016

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a b s t r a c t Nanocellular foams have been produced by means of a gas dissolution process using polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) as matrix polymer. Cell sizes in the range 20-30 nm and cell nucleation densities higher than 10 15 cm À 3 have been achieved for materials with relative densities in the range 0.65-0.75. The influence of both saturation pressure and foaming temperature has been studied. On the one hand, it has been proved that there is a large influence of the amount of gas (CO 2 ) absorbed in the final cellular structure, in fact it has been found a critical CO 2 uptake between 9% and 9.5% at which the cell sizes evolve from the micro to the nanoscale. On the other hand, it has been found that there is a wide range of foaming parameters (foaming time and foaming temperature) in which nanocellular foams can be produced.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and characterization of nanocellular polyphenylsulfone foams

2016

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“…This trend is a consequence of the plasticization effect of the CO 2 : when the gas diffuses into a polymer, the glass transition temperature drops [49][50][51][52], and the polymer is now characterized by its effective glass transition temperature, T g,eff . The temperature difference between the foaming temperature and the T g,eff determines the relative [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] density obtained, because once the T g,eff reaches the temperature of the thermal bath the polymer is no longer in the rubbery state and has no mobility to grow. At a higher pressure, the T g,eff of the polymer is smaller because of the plasticization effect of a higher amount of CO 2 .…”

Section: Cellular Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly the effect of the foaming temperature has been analysed by fixing the saturation pressure to 10 MPa, varying the foaming temperature from 80°C to 110°C, keeping, once again, 2 min as foaming time. It is important to remark that under these conditions (25°C and 10-30 MPa) the effective glass transition temperature of PMMA after gas absorption is below room temperature [20], so samples start to expand after being removed from the autoclave as soon as they reach room temperature. Nevertheless, the most of the expansion occurs in the thermal baths.…”

Section: Gas Dissolution Foaming Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pressure drop rates in these experiments were 15 MPa/s, 56 MPa/s and 100 MPa/s, respectively. For this study, foaming has been [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] carried out at 80°C during 2 min. Secondly the effect of the foaming temperature has been analysed by fixing the saturation pressure to 10 MPa, varying the foaming temperature from 80°C to 110°C, keeping, once again, 2 min as foaming time.…”

Section: Gas Dissolution Foaming Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the addition of this second phase heterogeneous nucleation starts to play an important role during the process [16]. Taking advantage of heterogeneous nucleation, nanocellular polymers can be produced by using low saturation pressures and conventional saturation temperatures, as nucleation is mainly controlled by the disperse phase (nanoparticles [17,18] and/or secondary phases in nanostructured polymers [8,[19][20][21]) and not by the amount of gas dissolved into the sample. Besides, the use of a second phase to promote nucleation can help to obtain a more uniform cell size distribution [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

PMMA-sepiolite nanocomposites as new promising materials for the production of nanocellular polymers

Bernardo

León

Laguna‐Gutiérrez

et al. 2017

European Polymer Journal

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A B S T R A C TIn this work, a new system based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sepiolite nanocomposites that allow producing nanocellular polymers by using the gas dissolution foaming technique is described. Nanocomposites with different nanoparticle types and contents have been produced by extrusion. From these blends, cellular materials have been fabricated using the so-called gas dissolution foaming method. An extensive study of the effect of the processing parameters (saturation pressure and foaming temperature) on the cellular materials produced has been performed. Results showed that among the three sepiolites used, only those modified with a quaternary ammonium salt are suitable for being used as nucleating agents in PMMA. With these nanoparticles bimodal cellular polymers, with micro and nanometric cells, have been produced. Cell sizes in the range of 300-500 nm and cell densities of the order of 10 13 -10 14 nuclei/cm 3 have been obtained in the nanocellular region. A foaming temperature of 80°C and a wide range of saturation pressures (between 10 and 30 MPa) and low particle contents (between 0.5 and 1.5 wt%) allow obtaining these materials. Furthermore, it has been found that cell size in the nanometric population can be controlled by means of the particles content; a reduction in the cell size is obtained when the particles content increases. Finally, results indicate that an increase in the foaming temperature leads to cellular nanocomposites with lower relative densities (below 0.21) and larger cell sizes (above 450 nm).

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Polymeric Foams

Ruiz‐Herrero

Estravís

Rodríguez‐Pérez

2017

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Polymeric foams are natural‐like light materials that are widely used owing to a combination of exceptional properties and low cost compared with similar materials. Furthermore, tailoring the physical properties of these foams, and the environmental benefits of replacing solid plastics, are important factors contributing to their growing market share. This article covers the fundamental aspects of structure, properties, production, and applications of polymeric foams. Current trends in material development and related challenges are also discussed.

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Nanocellular CO2 foaming of PMMA assisted by block copolymer nanostructuration

Cited by 82 publications

References 28 publications

Production and characterization of nanocellular polyphenylsulfone foams

Production and characterization of nanocellular polyphenylsulfone foams

PMMA-sepiolite nanocomposites as new promising materials for the production of nanocellular polymers

Polymeric Foams

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