Production and characterization of nanocellular polyphenylsulfone foams

Bernardo, Victoria; León, Judith Martín‐de; Rodríguez‐Pérez, Miguel Ángel

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2016.05.002

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…A fewer number of groups have demonstrated successful formation of nanoporous materials using the two‐step method. These groups focused on PMMA, polysulfones, polyetherimides, and other high‐performance polymers . The current autoclaves used in batch foaming limit the production of large‐scale films.…”

Section: Structure–property Relationships Of Nanoporous Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Polymers for Reduced Energy Consumption in Architecture

Heifferon

Long

2018

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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In an effort to slow the progress of climate change, the current scientific community has focused on the reduction of greenhouse gases in order to limit the global average temperature inflation to less than 2 °C. The improvement of thermally controlled construction materials can potentially result in lower energy homes/reduced emissions, and lowering the thermal conductivity of insulation materials improves home energy efficiency. Nanoporous insulation foams impart a drastic decrease in thermal conductivity but many polymer properties must be assessed to produce these materials. Passive phase‐change materials also represent another key energy‐saving device to control heat flux within a living space. Research into unique polymeric systems provides a novel means of encapsulation or creating polymeric cross‐linked matrices to prevent leakage and improve mechanical robustness. These two areas of polymer research in architecture represent key advancements for construction materials aimed toward energy savings and energy‐related emissions control.

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Section: Structure–property Relationships Of Nanoporous Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Polymers for Reduced Energy Consumption in Architecture

Heifferon

Long

2018

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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“…The pressure drop rates in these experiments were 15 MPa/s, 56 MPa/s and 100 MPa/s, respectively. For this study, foaming has been [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] carried out at 80°C during 2 min. Secondly the effect of the foaming temperature has been analysed by fixing the saturation pressure to 10 MPa, varying the foaming temperature from 80°C to 110°C, keeping, once again, 2 min as foaming time.…”

Section: Gas Dissolution Foaming Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This trend is a consequence of the plasticization effect of the CO 2 : when the gas diffuses into a polymer, the glass transition temperature drops [49][50][51][52], and the polymer is now characterized by its effective glass transition temperature, T g,eff . The temperature difference between the foaming temperature and the T g,eff determines the relative [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] density obtained, because once the T g,eff reaches the temperature of the thermal bath the polymer is no longer in the rubbery state and has no mobility to grow. At a higher pressure, the T g,eff of the polymer is smaller because of the plasticization effect of a higher amount of CO 2 .…”

Section: Cellular Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Martin-de Leon et al [13] obtained low density nanocellular PMMA foams with relative densities varying between 0.25 and 0.4 using high saturation pressures (30 MPa). Bernardo et al [14] showed that high-performance thermoplastic polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) could be used to produce nanocellular polymers at saturation pressures higher than 15 MPa. The use of high pressures and low temperatures implies higher energy consumption and higher CO 2 spending.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PMMA-sepiolite nanocomposites as new promising materials for the production of nanocellular polymers

Bernardo

León

Laguna‐Gutiérrez

et al. 2017

European Polymer Journal

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A B S T R A C TIn this work, a new system based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sepiolite nanocomposites that allow producing nanocellular polymers by using the gas dissolution foaming technique is described. Nanocomposites with different nanoparticle types and contents have been produced by extrusion. From these blends, cellular materials have been fabricated using the so-called gas dissolution foaming method. An extensive study of the effect of the processing parameters (saturation pressure and foaming temperature) on the cellular materials produced has been performed. Results showed that among the three sepiolites used, only those modified with a quaternary ammonium salt are suitable for being used as nucleating agents in PMMA. With these nanoparticles bimodal cellular polymers, with micro and nanometric cells, have been produced. Cell sizes in the range of 300-500 nm and cell densities of the order of 10 13 -10 14 nuclei/cm 3 have been obtained in the nanocellular region. A foaming temperature of 80°C and a wide range of saturation pressures (between 10 and 30 MPa) and low particle contents (between 0.5 and 1.5 wt%) allow obtaining these materials. Furthermore, it has been found that cell size in the nanometric population can be controlled by means of the particles content; a reduction in the cell size is obtained when the particles content increases. Finally, results indicate that an increase in the foaming temperature leads to cellular nanocomposites with lower relative densities (below 0.21) and larger cell sizes (above 450 nm).

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“…Thermoplastic engineering foam materials, such as poly(ether imide) (PEI), polyether–ether–ketone (PEEK), polysulfone (PSU) polyphenylene sulfide, and their blends, with microcellular structures have increased concerns in aerospace, automobiles, transportation, and military industries for their lightweight, high‐strength, heat‐resistance, and intrinsic flame‐retardancy properties …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and cell morphology of a microcellular poly(ether imide)–carbon nanotube composite foam with a three‐dimensional shape

Feng

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The preparation of microcellular poly(ether imide) (PEI) based foams with three-dimensional geometry remains a great challenge worldwide. In this study, we fabricated microcellular PEI-carbon nanotube (CNT) bead foams with a batch rapid depressurization method in a self-designed mold with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) as a blowing agent. The effects of the saturation time, foaming temperature, foaming pressure, and depressurization rate on the microcellular structures of the PEI foam were analyzed by the Taguchi approach to determine the optimum foaming conditions, and the influence of the CNT content on the cell structure was analyzed. The results show that the depressurization rate and foaming temperature were the key factors influencing the cell size and cell density (N f ); that is, the high depressurization rate and low foaming temperature favored a small cell size and high N f . The foaming temperature also influenced the foaming ratio (ϕ), and a high ϕ was obtained at a high foaming temperature. Under optimal foaming conditions, PEI with 2.0 wt % CNTs presented the best cell structure; N f , cell size, and ϕ were 6.14 × 10 10 cell/cm 3 , 2.43 μm, and 2.08, respectively. The mechanical properties of the final parts were related more to the foaming time and CNT concentration, and the maximum tensile and compression strength were reached at 3 h foaming time and 2.0 wt % CNT, that is, at 2.75 and 15.1 MPa (10% strain), respectively.

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Production and characterization of nanocellular polyphenylsulfone foams

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

Advanced Polymers for Reduced Energy Consumption in Architecture

Advanced Polymers for Reduced Energy Consumption in Architecture

PMMA-sepiolite nanocomposites as new promising materials for the production of nanocellular polymers

Fabrication and cell morphology of a microcellular poly(ether imide)–carbon nanotube composite foam with a three‐dimensional shape

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