Nanocarriers for Delivery of Antioxidants on the Skin

Abstract

Skin is protected from the harmful effects of free radicals by the presence of an endogenous antioxidant system. However, when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, there is an imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants, leading to oxidative stress and photoaging of the skin. It has been described that free radicals and other reactive species can cause severe damage to cells and cell components of the skin, which results in skin aging and cancer. To prevent these actions on skin, the use of topical antioxidant supplementation is a strategy used in the cosmetics industry and these antioxidants act on quenching free radicals. There are many studies that demonstrated the antioxidant activity of many phytochemicals or bioactive compounds by free radical scavenging. However, many bioactive substances are unstable when exposed to light or lose activity during storage. The potential sensitivity of these substances to light exposure is of importance in cosmetic formulations applied to skin because photo-degradation might occur, reducing their activity. One strategy to reduce this effect on the skin is the preparation of different types of nanomaterials that allow the encapsulation of the antioxidant substances. Another problem related to some antioxidants is their inefficient percutaneous penetration, which limits the amount of the active ingredient able to reach the site of action in viable epidermis and dermis. In this sense, the encapsulation in polymeric nanoparticles could enhance the permeation of these substances. Nanocarriers offers several advantages over conventional passive delivery, such as increased surface area, higher solubility, improved stability, controlled release, reduced skin irritancy, and protection from degradation. The different nanocarrier systems used in cosmetics include nanolipid delivery systems such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), nanoemulsions OPEN ACCESS Cosmetics 2015, 2 343 (NEs), nanoparticles (NP) suspension, and polymer NPs, among others. In this review, we present the different types of nanomaterials used in cosmetic formulations to obtain the best effect of antioxidants applied onto the skin.

Ocena właściwości antyoksydacyjnych liści Ginkgo biloba L. po zakończeniu wegetacji

“…Linią obrony przed destrukcyjnym działaniem nad miaru rodników są przeciwutleniacze, będące cząstecz kami o zdolnościach hamujących utlenianie, jednocześnie chroniącymi organizm przed stresem oksydacyjnym [6]. Antyoksydanty działają poprzez różne mechanizmy neu tralizacji i wychwytywania wolnych rodników, czego efek tem może być ochrona struktur komórkowych.…”

Anti-aging Effect of Free Curcumin and Niosome Entrapping Curcumin in H2O2-induced Aging in Human Fibroblast Cell Lines

“…Despite of the benefit and the useful pharmacological effects of Cur, the application in clinic has been limited due to its extremely low aqueous solubility, instability, poor oral bioavailability and rapid metabolism [26]. To improve the topical bioavailability of curcumin, curcumin has been loaded into nanocarriers like liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, micelles and dendrimers as drug delivery systems [27,28]. Nanocarriers increase surface area, higher solubility, improved stability, controlled release of active ingredients, reduced skin irritancy, protection from degradation, increased drug loading, and improved permeation of actives into the skin [28].…”

Preparation and Characterization of Callus Extract from Pyrus pyrifolia and Investigation of Its Effects on Skin Regeneration

“…In addition, the active compounds should be able to penetrate into the desired site of action across the stratum corneum (SC), and ultimately reach the living parts of the epidermis and/or dermis where glycation exhibits its harmful effects. Therefore, many studies have attempted to enhance the efficacy, stability, and solubility of bioactive compounds present in the plant extracts by incorporating them into colloidal systems, such as nanostructured lipid carriers including solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nano-sized micelles, and microemulsions and nanoemulsions, to facilitate their skin penetration and/or protect them from degradation [35].…”