Nanocarrier drugs in the treatment of brain tumors

Abstract

Nanoparticle-mediated targeted delivery of drugs might significantly reduce the dosage and optimize their release properties, increase specificity and bioavailability, improve shelf life, and reduce toxicity. Some nanodrugs are able to overcome the blood-brain barrier that is an obstacle to treatment of brain tumors. Vessels in tumors have abnormal architecture and are highly permeable; moreover, tumors also have poor lymphatic drainage, allowing for accumulation of macromolecules greater than approximately 40 kDa within the tumor microenvironment. Nanoparticles exploit this feature, known as the enhanced permeability and retention effect, to target solid tumors. Active targeting, i.e. surface modification of nanoparticles, is a way to decrease uptake in normal tissue and increase accumulation in a tumor, and it usually involves targeting surface membrane proteins that are upregulated in cancer cells. The targeting molecules are typically antibodies or their fragments; aptamers; oligopeptides or small molecules. There are currently several FDA-approved nanomedicines, but none approved for brain tumor therapy. This review, based both on the study of literature and on the authors own experimental work describes a comprehensive overview of preclinical and clinical research of nanodrugs in therapy of brain tumors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. For reprints contact: service@oaepublish.com ReviewOpen Access

Прогноз Перебігу Та Системна Терапія Хворих Із метастазами Солідних Пухлин У Головний Мозок (Огляд Літератури)

“…У табл. 4 наведені цитостатики з використанням наночастинок, застосування яких схвалено Управлінням з санітарного нагляду за якістю харчових продуктів і медикаментів США (Food and Drug Administration, FDA) для лікування хворих із Огляд / Review МГМ [20].…”

Nanodiscs: A New Epoch in the Study of Membrane Proteins and as an Emerging Drug Delivery System

“…The main problem residing with this is the difficulty in in getting imaging and the passing of therapeutic agents via the blood brain barrier and into the brain. Anticancer drugs like lopramide and doxorubicin bound to nano materials have proven to cross the blood brain barrier and released at therapeutic concentrations in the brain [13]. Nanoparticles used in drug delivery systems, for instance ophthalmic drug delivery are usually less than 100 nano meter and is composed of biodegradable materials like lipids, natural or synthetic polymers etc [14].…”

Management of Brain Metastases from Solid Tumors

“…The clinical studies performed on the effectiveness of the nanoparticle application with anticancer drugs served as a basis for the use of these drugs as standard therapy for BM patients. Table 4 shows chemotherapeutic drugs with nanoparticles, the use of which has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment BM patients [18].…”