Nanobiotechnology and Supramolecular Mechanistic Interactions on Approach for Silver Nanoparticles for Healthcare Materials

Review—Perovskite/Spinel Based Graphene Derivatives Electrochemical and Biosensors

“…Physics, biology, chemistry, molecular engineering, and biotechnology promote considerable health and pharmaceutical fields. [93][94][95] Nanotechnology is applied in several areas such as electronics, optics, medicine, and agriculture. Nanomaterials are characterized by dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers.…”

“…The ion-selective electrodes based on the membrane or selective field effect, electrodes printed on canvas, electrodes modified through metal oxides, polymers. [93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103] Biosensors based on simple nanostructures such as metallic nanoparticles, even the most complex ones, such as spinel or perovskite structures, have an increasing application in detecting bio elements. These biosensors can also be based on the structures of graphene and its derivatives.…”

“…These changes can be monitored visually or through a spectrophotometer. [93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104] Electrics have nanomaterials with high conductivity. For example, gold and platinum nanoparticles and carbon nanomaterials such as nanotubes or graphene can be included.…”

Green Nanotechnology: The Influence of Intermolecular and Supramolecular Interactions

“…The extraction protocol of biomolecules is fundamental to establish the bioactive molecules that will synthesize nanostructures. Different biomolecules such as tannins, anthocyanins, flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, and proteins can participate in biosynthesis, reducing the metallic precursor and in stabilization [6,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Besides, it is essential to emphasize that this process is complex, and the interaction with different biomolecules can be fundamental for a successful biosynthesis.…”

“…The size and complexity of biomolecules promote the separation by intermolecular and supramolecular interactions. Moreover, it is possible to remove nanostructures favoring isolation and controlling growth [15]. A protocol for an efficient dispersive medium is essential for isolating biomolecules and establishing a supramolecular system.…”