“…39,40) These principles are not limited to specific materials and can be applied to many objects and applications. From the basics such as material synthesis, 41,42) structure fabrication, 43,44) physical phenomena, 45,46) and biochemistry, 47,48) nanoarchitectonics is used in catalysts, 49,50) sensors, 51,52) devices, 53,54) and energy-related, 55,56) environmental, 57,58) and bio-related applications 59,60) as more applied fields. Since all matter is originally made of atoms and molecules, the methodology of architecting functional material systems from atoms and molecules may be applied to all matter.…”