Nanoantimicrobials Mechanism of Action

Mostafa, Manal; Asran-Amal, A.; Almoammar, Hassan; Abd‐Elsalam, Kamel A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91161-8_11

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 207 publications

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“…Impaired protein synthesis and membrane destabilization are most likely the primary and secondary modes of chitosan antimicrobial activity [60]. Additionally, the mechanism of nano-chitosan includes the penetration of low-molecular-weight chitosan into the cellular DNA binding site, which further inhibits the synthesis of RNA and protein, as shown by Mostafa et al [61]. It is believed that the current type of nanocomposite motion may be far more complicated than assumed above; such studies must clarify the proper mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver/Chitosan Nanocomposites: Preparation and Characterization and Their Fungicidal Activity against Dairy Cattle Toxicosis Penicillium expansum

Alghuthaymi

Abd-Elsalam

Shami

et al. 2020

JoF

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This work aimed to evaluate the fungicide activity of chitosan-silver nanocomposites (Ag-Chit-NCs) against Penicillium expansum from feed samples. The physicochemical properties of nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphological integrity of the nanohybrid was confirmed by electron transmission. By the data of RFA (X-ray fluorescent analysis), the contents of Ag in Ag-chitosan composite were 5.9 w/w%. The size distribution of the Ag nanoparticles incorporated in the chitosan matrix was investigated by SAXS. The main part of the size heterogeneity distribution in the chitosan matrix corresponds to the portion of small particles (3–4 nm). TEM analysis revealed a spherical morphology in the form of non-agglomerated caps, and 72% of the nanoparticles measured up to 4 nm. The minimum inhibitory concentration of NCs was evaluated in petri dishes. Three different concentrations were tested for antifungal activity against the mycotoxigenic P. expansum strain. Changes in the mycelium structure of P. expansum fungi by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were observed to obtain information about the mode of action of Ag-Chit-NCs. It was shown that NC-Chit-NCs with sizes in the range from 4 to 10 nm have internalized sizes in cells, form agglomerates in the cytoplasm, and bind to cell organelles. Besides, their ability to influence protein and DNA fragmentation was examined in P. expansum. SDS-PAGE explains the apparent cellular protein response to the presence of various Ag-Chit-NCs. The intensity of P. expansum hyphal cell protein lines treated with Ag-Chit-NCs was very thin, indicating that high molecular weight proteins are largely prevented from entering the electrophoretic gel, which reflects cellular protein modification and possible damage caused by the binding of several protein fragments to Ag-Chit-NCs. The current results indicate that Ag-Chit-NCs <10 nm in size have significant antifungal activity against P. expansum, the causative agent of blue mold-contaminated dairy cattle feed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver/Chitosan Nanocomposites: Preparation and Characterization and Their Fungicidal Activity against Dairy Cattle Toxicosis Penicillium expansum

Alghuthaymi

Abd-Elsalam

Shami

et al. 2020

JoF

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“…Novel antifungal metabolites can be engineered by employing nanotechnology, alleviating the symptoms especially due to resistant fungi. The mechanisms underlying the antifungal action of NPs are numerous, such as associating with the plasma membrane and DNA phosphate groups to promote proton dispersion and cell lysis, triggering the breakdown of electron transport chains, and disrupting the phosphate groups and the proton motive force of the membrane (Mostafa et al 2018). Silver crystal (AgCs) treatment inhibited fungal growth, attributed to defective enzymes and cellular proteins participating in ATP synthesis resulting in reduced protein expression.…”

Section: Fungal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofabricated nanomaterials in sustainable agriculture: insights, challenges and prospects

Mohanty,

Singh,

Lenka

et al. 2024

Biofabrication

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One ever-evolving and ever-demanding critical human endeavour is the provision of food security for the growing world population. It could be done by adopting sustainable agriculture through horizontal (expanding the aerable land area) and vertical (intensifying agriculture through sound technological approaches) interventions. Customised formulated nanomaterials have numerous advantages. With their specialised physicochemical properties, some nanoparticulised materials improve plant’s natural development and stress tolerance and some other are good nanocarriers. Nanocarriers in agriculture often coat chemicals to form composites having utilities with crop productivity enhancement abilities, environmental management (like ecotoxicity reduction ability), and biomedicines (like the ability of controlled and targeted release of useful nanoscale drugs). The Ag, Fe, Zn, TiO2, ZnO, SiO2 and MgO nanoparticles often employed in advanced agriculture are covered here. Some nanoparticles used for various extended purposes in modern farming practices, including disease diagnostics and seed treatment are covered too. Thus, nanotechnology has revolutionised agrotechnology, which holds promises to transform agricultural (eco)system as a whole to ensure food security in future. Considering the available literature, the article further probes the emergent regulatory issues governing the synthesis and use of nanomaterials in the agriculture sector. If applied responsibly, nanomaterials could help improve soil health. The article provides an overview of the used nanomaterials in distribution of biomolecules, to aid in devising a safer and eco-friendly sustainable agriculture strategy. Through this, agri-systems depending on advanced farming practices might function more effectively and enhance agri-productivity to meet the food demand of the rising world population.

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