Nano-selenium Supplementation Increases Selenoprotein (Sel) Gene Expression Profiles and Milk Selenium Concentration in Lactating Dairy Cows

Abstract

Supplementation with selenium is common for dairy cows, but the importance of selenium source is not clear. This study aimed to compare nano-selenium (Nano-Se) and sodium selenite supplements for dairy cows on lactation performance, milk Se levels and selenoprotein (Sel) gene expression. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows were randomly divided into two groups: a control group fed a basal diet plus 0.30 mg Se/kg of DM as sodium selenite or Nano-Se for 30 days. Dry matter intake, milk yield and composition were not affected by dietary Se source (P > 0.05); however, the milk total Se levels and milk glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were higher with Nano-Se supplementation than sodium selenite (P < 0.05). At the end of the experiment, Nano-Se supplementation significantly increased plasma Se levels and GSH-Px activity, compared with the sodium selenite supplement. The mRNA expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 1, 2 and 4; thioredoxin reductase 2 and 3; and selenoproteins W, T, K and F were markedly upregulated (P < 0.05) in the mammary gland of the Nano-Se group. Thus, the source of selenium plays an important role in the antioxidant status and in particular the Sel gene expression in the mammary glands of dairy cows, both being stimulated by nano sources.

The effect of metal-containing nanoparticles on the health, performance and production of livestock animals and poultry

“…Many minerals are used as nanoparticles in animal research. These include aluminium (Li et al 2011 ), calcium (Matuszewski et al 2020a ; Abdelnour et al 2021 ; Abo El-Maaty et al 2021 ), copper (Gonzales-Eguia et al 2009 ; Miroshnikov et al 2015 ; Mroczek-Sosnowska et al 2014 , 2015a , 2015b , 2017 ; Refaie et al 2015 ; Joshua et al 2016 ; Ognik et al 2016b ; Scott et al 2016 ; El Basuini et al 2017 ; Tomaszewska et al 2017 ; Scott et al 2018 ; Aminullah et al 2021 ; Morsy et al 2021 ; Naz et al 2021 ), gold (Sembratowicz et al 2016 ; Sanati et al 2019 ; Hassanen et al 2020 ), iron (Pilaquinga et al 2021 ), magnesium (Kesmati et al 2016 ; Mazaheri et al 2019 ; Abdelnour et al 2021 ), nickel (Gong et al 2016 ), selenium (Zhang et al 2001 , 2008 ; Shi et al 2011a ; Wu et al 2011 ; Sadeghian et al 2012 ; Xun et al 2012 ; El-Deep et al 2016 ; Joshua et al 2016 ; Muralisankar et al 2016 ; Yaghmaie et al 2017 ; Gangadoo et al 2018 , 2020 ; Hassan et al 2020 ; Kojouri et al 2020 ; Nabi et al 2020 ; Sheiha et al 2020 ; Han et al 2021 ; Rana, 2021 ), silver (Grodzik and Sawosz 2006 ; Sawosz et al 2007 ; Fondevila et al 2009 ; Fondevila, 2010 ; Ahmadi and Rahimi 2011 ; Pineda et al 2012 ; Kout-Elkloub et al 2015 ; Ognik et al 2016a ; Conine and Frost…”

“…A wide range of nanoparticles, which could be used in animal studies, is accessible on the market as shown in numerous publications, for example Ag (Grodzik and Sawosz 2006 ; Pineda et al 2012 ), Au (Sembratowicz et al 2016 ), Cu (Mroczek-Sosnowska et al 2015b ; Mroczek-Sosnowska et al 2017 ; Aminullah et al 2021 ), Se (Shi et al 2011a ; Xun et al 2012 ; Yaghmaie et al 2017 ; Han et al 2021 ), and Zn (Olgun and Yildiz, 2017 ; Abdollahi et al 2020 ; Cui et al 2021 ; Eskandani et al 2021 ; Szuba-Trznadel et al 2021 ; El-Maddawy et al 2022 ). In many experiments on animals and poultry, nanoparticles were purchased to check their impact on performance, productivity, health, and disease prevention and control.…”

“…In many experiments on animals and poultry, nanoparticles were purchased to check their impact on performance, productivity, health, and disease prevention and control. Han et al ( 2021 ) used selenium nanoparticles as a supplementation for lactating dairy cows; Shi et al ( 2011a ) and Xun et al ( 2012 ) used selenium nanoparticles to check their impact on feed digestibility, rumen fermentation and urinary purine derivatives in sheep; selenium nanoparticles were tested by Wu et al ( 2011 ) on cashmere goats; Yaghmaie et al ( 2017 ) used selenium nanoparticles in experiments on lambs; Grodzik and Sawosz ( 2006 ) used, in their research on chicken embryo development, silver nanoparticles; Szuba-Trznadel et al ( 2021 ) checked the influence of zinc nanoparticles on growth performance and zinc status of weaned piglets; Abdollahi et al ( 2020 ) used ZnO nanoparticles in feeding experiments on young Holstein calves to examine performance, rumen fermentation, mineral status, and antioxidant activity; Ouyang et al ( 2021 ) used ZnO nanoparticles to evaluate their antimicrobial properties in weanling piglets and El-Maddawy et al ( 2022 ) used zinc oxide nanoparticles to investigate their anticoccidial efficacy in broiler chickens infected with mixed Eimeria species in an experimental setting.…”

“…Nano-copper and nano-zinc can also increase the activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme, which constitutes a very important antioxidant defense against oxidative stress (Gonzales-Eguia et al 2009 ; Refaie et al 2015 ; Hidayat et al 2021 ). Nano-selenium is also known to increase the activity of this enzyme (Kojouri et al 2020 ), and improve the efficiency of the antioxidant system and prevent oxidative stress (Shi et al 2011a ; Sadeghian et al 2012 ; El-Deep et al 2016 ; Kojouri et al 2020 ; Han et al 2021 ).…”

Nanominerals: Fabrication Methods, Benefits and Hazards, and Their Applications in Ruminants with Special Reference to Selenium and Zinc Nanoparticles

“…Anthropogenic processes manufacture incidental nanomaterials as side-products [90], while engineered nanomaterials with unique properties are intentionally developed [91]. There is a review of air, water, and soil exposure from different paths.…”