Nano-Biosensing Platforms for Detection of Cow’s Milk Allergens: An Overview

Abstract

Among prevalent food allergies, cow milk allergy (CMA) is most common and may persist throughout the life. The allergic individuals are exposed to a constant threat due to milk proteins’ presence in uncounted food products like yogurt, cheese, and bakery items. The problem can be more severe due to cross-reactivity of the milk allergens in the food products due to homologous milk proteins of diverse species. This problem can be overcome by proper and reliable food labeling in order to ensure the life quality of allergic persons. Therefore, highly sensitive and accurate analytical techniques should be developed to detect the food allergens. Here, significant research advances in biosensors (specifically immunosensors and aptasensors) are reviewed for detection of the milk allergens. Different allergic proteins of cow milk are described here along with the analytical standard methods for their detection. Additionally, the commercial status of biosensors is also discussed in comparison to conventional techniques like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The development of novel biosensing mechanisms/kits for milk allergens detection is imperative from the perspective of enforcement of labeling regulations and directives keeping in view the sensitive individuals.

Internet of medical things (IoMT)-integrated biosensors for point-of-care testing of infectious diseases

“…Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) provide promising quenching platforms for the development FRET-based biosensing system for the virus detection ( Nehra et al, 2020 ). Pan et al employed zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) to design oligo FRET sensing platform to detect 20-bp HIV proviral DNA ( Pan et al, 2018 ).…”

Electrochemical Biosensors in Food Safety: Challenges and Perspectives

“…The review [ 210 ] focused on particular research advances in biosensors (specifically immunosensors and aptasensors) to detect milk allergens. Different allergic proteins of cow milk are described together with the analytical standard methods for their detection.…”

Electroanalytical Overview: Electrochemical Sensing Platforms for Food and Drink Safety

“…These allergies can be divided into toxic or nontoxic, depending on the individual sensitivity, and can be further subdivided into immunological (food allergies) or non-immunological (food intolerances) [128,129]. Overall, 14 ingredients have been included in the European Union list of allergenic food ingredients-eggs, milk, peanuts, nuts, gluten-containing cereals, lupin, soybeans, celery, mustard, sesame, fish, crustaceans, molluscs, and sulphites [130][131][132]. Although detailed food labelling is required in most countries, cross-contamination, adulteration, or fraud of undeclared allergens often occurs.…”