“…CeO 2 has a cubic structure of the fluorite type with space group Fm-3m, formed by one Ce 4+ cation coordinated by eight O 2− anions [15]. In the literature, it is reported several promising applications for CeO 2 as a catalyst to reform vapor of propylene glycol in microreactors [16], gas sensor [17], opto-magnetic [18], catalysis of NO reduction [19], CO oxidation [20], electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells [21,22], antibacterial agent [23,24] and phosphors [25][26][27], for example. Different routes of synthesis are used for CeO 2 to achieve these interesting properties and applications such as solid state reaction [28,29], sol-gel [30], coprecipitation [31], conventional hydrothermal [32], microwave-assisted hydrothermal [33,34], sonochemistry [35] and ball milling [36].…”
In this work, CeO 2 :xEu 3+ (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08 mol%) microspheres were obtained by the fast and continuous ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. Powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), scanning electronic microscopy (FESEM), Raman spectra, UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and photocatalytic activity. All XRD patterns were indexed by the cubic structure of the fluorite type, without the presence of secondary phases, indicating success in the Eu 3+ doping in the CeO 2 structure. In addition, The XRF analysis confirmed the presence of Eu in the CeO 2 powders. In the Raman spectra of the samples occurs the vibrational mode F 2g , which is a characteristic band of materials with the fluorite type structure. Moreover, as the Eu 3+ ion increased, it was noticed the appearance of additional bands referring to oxygen vacancies. FESEM showed that the CeO 2 :xEu 3+ particles have a spherical morphology with homogeneous chemical composition and particle size between 73 and 1560 nm. It can be seen a slight increase of defects in their morphology as the Eu 3+ ion increases. The band gap varies between 3.22 and 3.28 eV, being influenced by defects in oxygen vacancies and the concentration of Ce 3+ ion. The addition of Eu 3+ generates the introduction of intermediary levels in the conduction band of CeO 2 , besides increasing the reactive species effects, favoring the photocatalysis of Rhodamine B dye.
“…CeO 2 has a cubic structure of the fluorite type with space group Fm-3m, formed by one Ce 4+ cation coordinated by eight O 2− anions [15]. In the literature, it is reported several promising applications for CeO 2 as a catalyst to reform vapor of propylene glycol in microreactors [16], gas sensor [17], opto-magnetic [18], catalysis of NO reduction [19], CO oxidation [20], electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells [21,22], antibacterial agent [23,24] and phosphors [25][26][27], for example. Different routes of synthesis are used for CeO 2 to achieve these interesting properties and applications such as solid state reaction [28,29], sol-gel [30], coprecipitation [31], conventional hydrothermal [32], microwave-assisted hydrothermal [33,34], sonochemistry [35] and ball milling [36].…”
In this work, CeO 2 :xEu 3+ (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08 mol%) microspheres were obtained by the fast and continuous ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. Powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), scanning electronic microscopy (FESEM), Raman spectra, UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and photocatalytic activity. All XRD patterns were indexed by the cubic structure of the fluorite type, without the presence of secondary phases, indicating success in the Eu 3+ doping in the CeO 2 structure. In addition, The XRF analysis confirmed the presence of Eu in the CeO 2 powders. In the Raman spectra of the samples occurs the vibrational mode F 2g , which is a characteristic band of materials with the fluorite type structure. Moreover, as the Eu 3+ ion increased, it was noticed the appearance of additional bands referring to oxygen vacancies. FESEM showed that the CeO 2 :xEu 3+ particles have a spherical morphology with homogeneous chemical composition and particle size between 73 and 1560 nm. It can be seen a slight increase of defects in their morphology as the Eu 3+ ion increases. The band gap varies between 3.22 and 3.28 eV, being influenced by defects in oxygen vacancies and the concentration of Ce 3+ ion. The addition of Eu 3+ generates the introduction of intermediary levels in the conduction band of CeO 2 , besides increasing the reactive species effects, favoring the photocatalysis of Rhodamine B dye.
Noble metals are widely used in many fields, particularly in catalysis, due to their unique physical and chemical properties. However, their large-scale applications are limited, due to the high price, low reserves, easy agglomeration and the sintering of single component. The above problems can be effectively solved by constructing metal alloy nanocrystals and cerium oxide supported noble metal catalysts. In this review, we will summarize recent progress on the controlled synthesis and catalytic performances of noble metals/cerium oxide nanocatalysts. In detail, mainly based on our group's work, we present the controlled synthetic approaches, the relationship between the structures and properties, and the catalytic applications of those catalysts with specific shapes and nanostructures. Finally, the future developments and challenges of the cutting-edge research on noble metal-based catalysts are prospected.
“…The gas-liquid absorption coefficient K L a ranged between 5 and 15 s À1 and was over 100 X higher than traditional multiphase packed-bed reactors for 400 mm channels. 26 Recent examples of reactions in multichannel reactors include reforming of methanol, 27 reforming of glycerol, 28 reforming of propylene glycol, 29 reforming of ammonia, 30 GtL processes, 31,32 and methanol oxidation. 33 The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) designed a new class of microchannel reactors by stacking etched stainless steel foils with dimensions of 6 mm  8.8 mm  0.8-1.5 for the reaction zone.…”
Section: Multiple Microchannels and Mesoscale Catalytic Reactorsmentioning
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