Naming and decision processes in short-term recognition memory.

Kirsner, Kim; Craik, Fergus I. M.

doi:10.1037/h0030916

Cited by 42 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Improved recognition as a result of repetition of surface forms has been shown in a number of previous studies: Subjects exhibit increased recognition accuracy for words presented and repeated in the same modality, either auditory or visual (Kirsner & Craik, 1971;Kirsner & Smith, 1974); for words presented and repeated in the same typeface or case (Hintzman, Block, & Inskeep, 1972;Kirsner, 1973); and for sentences presented and repeated in the same inverted direction (Kolers & Ostry, 1974;Masson, 1984). Apparently, so-called redundant surface information, such as sensory modality, typeface, direction of text, or voice, is encoded and retained in memory and affects later performance, regardless of whether the task is implicit or explicit (see also Goldinger, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Episodic encoding of voice attributes and recognition memory for spoken words.

Palmeri¹,

Goldinger²,

Pisoni³

1993

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

360

385

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Recognition memory for spoken words was investigated with a continuous recognition memory task. Independent variables were number of intervening words (lag) between initial and subsequent presentations of a word, total number of talkers in the stimulus set, and whether words were repeated in the same voice or a different voice. In Experiment 1, recognition judgments were based on word identity alone. Same-voice repetitions were recognized more quickly and accurately than different-voice repetitions at all values of lag and at all levels of talker variability. In Experiment 2, recognition judgments were based on both word identity and voice identity. Subjects recognized repeated voices quite accurately. Gender of the talker affected voice recognition but not item recognition. These results suggest that detailed information about a talker's voice is retained in long-term episodic memory representations of spoken words.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Episodic encoding of voice attributes and recognition memory for spoken words.

Palmeri¹,

Goldinger²,

Pisoni³

1993

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

360

385

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Murdock and Walker (1969) found that spoken words took 189 msec longer to categorize than written words, whereas Kirsner and Smith (1974) reported a 46-msec advantage for spoken words in lexical decision. Kirsner and Craik (1971) probed a spoken list of eight words and found that a spoken probe was about 120 msec faster than a written probe. Caplan (1972) reported an average advantage of 364 msec for auditory over visual word probes, although the size of the clause effect was not consistently different for the two modalities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clauses and the semantic representation of words

Eckardt

Potter

1985

Mem Cogn

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When a sentence with more than one clause is processed, words of the first clause become less available for recall or recognition once the clause boundary has been passed. One common interpretation of this observation is that the representation of a given word shifts from a predominantly surface form (e.g., phonological or lexical) to a semantic form, after the clause boundary. Two experiments that test that interpretation are reported. In the first experiment, twoclause spoken sentences were followed by spoken word or picture probes. Pictures were intended to provide a fast semantic match to probed words, but a slow surface match. Although response times exhibited a robust main effect of the clause position of the probe, no interaction with probe type was found. Similar results were obtained in a second experiment that compared pictures with written word probes. The faster response to picture than to word probes in the second experiment indicates that subjects did not covertly name the picture, but made a semantic match (as intended). These observations suggest the followingreinterpretation of earlier sentence memory experiments: Words in the most recent clause of a sentence are more available than words in an earlier clause because their semantic representations are more active, not because their surface representations are more active.

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“…Studies on modality effects have found that auditory presentation results in superior recall of the last few items in the list (i.e., a recency effect) (Corballis, 1966;Laughery and Pinkus, 1966) and that auditory items are retained better than visual items (Kirsner and Craik, 1971;Murdock, 1968). Several studies support the separate streams hypothesis by providing evidence that memory improves when multiple presentation modalities are used (Frick, 1984;Martin, 1980;Mousavi et al, 1995;Tindall-Ford et al, 1997).…”

Section: Source Monitoring and Presentation Modalitymentioning

confidence: 50%

Presentation Modality and Source Monitoring During Management Inquiry: Effects on Auditors’ Reliability Judgments

Gamble

2013

AFR

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An experiment was performed to determine whether the presentation modality of evidence affected auditors' accuracy in identifying the sources of that evidence (i.e., source monitoring) and their subsequent judgments of evidence reliability. Participants were provided with conflicting explanations for a material increase in a fictitious client firm's gross margin. The explanations were presented in either the same (both visual) or mixed (one visual and one auditory) modalities. The sources of the explanations had either the same (both high) or mixed (one high and one low) levels of credibility. Results indicate that auditors who received evidence in mixed presentation modalities were more accurate in identifying the sources of that evidence. Also, auditors with more accurate source monitoring judged evidence obtained from a less-credible source to be of significantly lower reliability than did auditors who were not as accurate in identifying evidence sources. These findings suggest that auditors' judgments of evidence reliability may be influenced by the sensory modality by which evidence is perceived. Also, post-hoc analysis indicates that taking notes may improve auditors' source monitoring accuracy when evidence is perceived via an auditory modality.

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Naming and decision processes in short-term recognition memory.

Cited by 42 publications

References 15 publications

Episodic encoding of voice attributes and recognition memory for spoken words.

Episodic encoding of voice attributes and recognition memory for spoken words.

Clauses and the semantic representation of words

Presentation Modality and Source Monitoring During Management Inquiry: Effects on Auditors’ Reliability Judgments

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