Episodic encoding of voice attributes and recognition memory for spoken words.

Palmeri, Thomas J.; Goldinger, Stephen D.; Pisoni, David B.

doi:10.1037/0278-7393.19.2.309

Cited by 359 publications

(437 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…This indicates that exemplars of words stored in memory preserved a talker's voice information implicitly. Altogether, these findings suggest that a learned talker's voice characteristics can be stored in memory (e.g., Craik & Kirsner, 1974;Goldinger, 1991;1996;1998;Hintzman et al, 1972;Johnson, 1997;2007;Palmeri et al, 1993). Based on the above discussion, we speculate that a space of learned talker models, i.e., voice characteristics of previously encountered talkers and maybe exemplars of speech sounds from those talkers, is stored in the memory of listeners.…”

Section: General Discussion: a New Model Of Talker Normalizationmentioning

confidence: 65%

Toward an integrative model of talker normalization.

Zhang¹,

Chen²

2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Successful speech perception requires accurate mapping of speech signals to linguistic categories despite talker variation in signals. Although factors like intrinsic and context cues have been identified, a full understanding of talker normalization remains to be achieved. In particular, it is important to examine the cocontribution of intrinsic, extrinsic and other cues in an integrative way. In Experiment 1, we examined the effect of intrinsic cues and typicality of a talker’s F0 range relative to population F0 range on word identification in isolation. In Experiment 2, we compared the effects of 4 contexts to identify those that consistently facilitate talker normalization. We found that without contexts, word identification accuracy was low and variable depending on talker typicality. Contexts improved performance across all talkers regardless of typicality. But only meaningless and meaningful speech contexts with cues to a talker’s acoustic-phonological space showed consistent effects. We proposed a new model, integrating talker typicality, talker familiarity, and context. Whereas speech signals from familiar or typical talkers may be accurately identified standing alone, a context with cues to a talker’s acoustic-phonological space is necessary in the case of unfamiliar and atypical talkers. It is thus the first model that integrates memory and context effects.

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Section: General Discussion: a New Model Of Talker Normalizationmentioning

confidence: 65%

Toward an integrative model of talker normalization.

Zhang¹,

Chen²

2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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“…The present results provide another case where a segmental model should make strong claims for a role of phonetic or phonological segments, but the data fail to support it (43,44). Data and analyses presented here support an informationtheoretic approach to speech perception (24,25).…”

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confidence: 51%

Cochlea-scaled entropy, not consonants, vowels, or time, best predicts speech intelligibility

Stilp

Kluender²

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Speech sounds are traditionally divided into consonants and vowels. When only vowels or only consonants are replaced by noise, listeners are more accurate understanding sentences in which consonants are replaced but vowels remain. From such data, vowels have been suggested to be more important for understanding sentences; however, such conclusions are mitigated by the fact that replaced consonant segments were roughly one-third shorter than vowels. We report two experiments that demonstrate listener performance to be better predicted by simple psychoacoustic measures of cochlea-scaled spectral change across time. First, listeners identified sentences in which portions of consonants (C), vowels (V), CV transitions, or VC transitions were replaced by noise. Relative intelligibility was not well accounted for on the basis of Cs, Vs, or their transitions. In a second experiment, distinctions between Cs and Vs were abandoned. Instead, portions of sentences were replaced on the basis of cochlea-scaled spectral entropy (CSE). Sentence segments having relatively high, medium, or low entropy were replaced with noise. Intelligibility decreased linearly as the amount of replaced CSE increased. Duration of signal replaced and proportion of consonants/vowels replaced fail to account for listener data. CSE corresponds closely with the linguistic construct of sonority (or vowel-likeness) that is useful for describing phonological systematicity, especially syllable composition. Results challenge traditional distinctions between consonants and vowels. Speech intelligibility is better predicted by nonlinguistic sensory measures of uncertainty (potential information) than by orthodox physical acoustic measures or linguistic constructs.

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“…The ability to discriminate between voices at a shorter (50-ms) and a longer (1,500-ms) ISI should also not be surprising given the work of Craik and Kirsner (1974), who found that voice details may persist in memory for 2-3 min (see Palmeri et al, 1993, for evidence that voice details persist for even longer amounts of time). In short, the results of Experiment 3 suggest that the failures to detect the change in voice in Experiments 1 and 2 were not due to the perceptual similarity of the two voices or to limits in memory for voice-related information.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Change deafness: The inability to detect changes between two voices.

Vitevitch

2003

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

111

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A shadowing task was used to demonstrate an auditory analogue of change blindness (the failure to detect a change in a visual scene), namely change deafness. Participants repeated words varying in lexical difficulty. Halfway through the word list, either the same or a different talker presented the words to participants. At least 40% of the participants failed to detect the change in talker. More interesting is that differences in shadowing times were found as a function of change detection. Alternative possibilities to the change detection phenomenon were ruled out. The results of these experiments suggest that the allocation of attention may influence the detection of changes as well as the processing of spoken words in complex ways.

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Episodic encoding of voice attributes and recognition memory for spoken words.

Cited by 359 publications

References 61 publications

Toward an integrative model of talker normalization.

Toward an integrative model of talker normalization.

Cochlea-scaled entropy, not consonants, vowels, or time, best predicts speech intelligibility

Change deafness: The inability to detect changes between two voices.

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