NaI cubic detector full-energy peak efficiency, including coincidence and self-absorption corrections for rectangular sources using analytical method

Abbas, Mahmoud I.; Elsafi, Mohamed; Gouda, Mona M.; Abd-Elzaher, Mohamed; Hamzawy, A.; Badawi, Mohamed S.; Thabet, Abouzeid A.; Noureddine, S.; El‐Khatib, Ahmed M.

doi:10.1007/s10967-020-07508-8

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Then, the samples were compressed by a hydraulic heat press at a pressure of 10 MPa and a temperature of 850 °C for 15 min, the pressure was gradually raised to 20 MPa for another 15 min. The sample is kept under pressure for 30 min to gradually cool down to a temperature of 400 °C, after which the pressure sample is taken and cut into circular discs for measurement [ 22 ]. The density measured by the law density = M/V, where M represents the mass of PP sheet and V its volume.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Gamma Ray Shielding Behaviors of Polypropylene Using PbO Nanoparticles: An Experimental Study

et al. 2022

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Recently, polymers have entered into many medical and industrial applications. This work aimed to intensively study polypropylene samples (PP) embedded with micro and nanoparticles of PbO for their application in radiation shielding. Samples were prepared by adding 10%, 30%, and 50% by weight of PbO microparticles (mPbO) and adding 10% and 50% PbO nanoparticles (nPbO), in addition to the control sample (pure polypropylene). The morphology of the prepared samples was tested; on the other hand, the shielding efficiency of gamma rays was tested for different sources with different energies. The experimental linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) was determined using a NaI scintillation detector, the experimental results were compared with NIST-XCOM results, and a good agreement was noticed. The LAC was 0.8005 cm−1 for PP-10%nPbO and 0.6283 cm−1 for PP-10%mPbO while was 5.8793 cm−1 for PP-50%nPbO and 3.9268 cm−1 for PP-50%mPbO at 0.060 MeV. The LAC values have been converted to some specific values, such as half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), tenth value layer (TVL), and radiation protection efficiency (RPE) which are useful for discussing the shielding capabilities for gamma-rays. The results of shielding parameters reveal that the PP embedded with nPbO gives better attenuation than its counterpart pp embedded with mPbO at all studied energies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Gamma Ray Shielding Behaviors of Polypropylene Using PbO Nanoparticles: An Experimental Study

et al. 2022

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“…The radioactive point sources used in the detector calibration were Am-241 (59.5 keV), Cs-137 (661.7 keV), and Co-60 (1173.2 keV and 1332.5 keV). The counting time was constant and long enough to reduce the uncertainty to be 1% or less [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. The used radioisotopes were purchased from Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt PTB in Braunschweig and Berlin, and the radiation parameters of radiation sources used in the present study are tabulated in Table 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potentials of Egyptian and Indian Granites for Protection of Ionizing Radiation

et al. 2021

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This paper aims to study the radiation shielding characteristics and buildup factor of some types of granite in Egypt. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) for three types of granite (gandola, white halayeb, and red aswani) was experimentally determined, and the experimental results were validated by XCOM software. The relative deviation between the two methods does not exceed 3% in all discussed granite samples, which means that MAC calculated through the experimental and XCOM are in suitable agreement. The effective atomic number (Zeff) varies from 13.64 to 10.69, 13.68 to 10.59, and 13.45 and 10.66 for gandola, white halayeb, and red aswani, respectively. As well as the equivalent atomic number (Zeq) was calculated in a wide range of energy to deduce the exposure (EBF) and energy absorption (EABF) buildup factors for the studied granite materials. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP) were calculated at each investigated energy and showed that the most effective shielding ability at high energy was red aswani, while at low energy, the shielding ability was nearly constant for studied granites. The present study forms the first endeavor to obtain the radiation shielding properties of the studied materials to be used in practical applications.

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“…The lines were chosen according to the higher emission probability (121.78, 244.69, 344.28, 964.13 and 1408.1 keV), the initial activity of this source is 290 kBq. The reference date of all three point sources was 1 June 2009 [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Theoretical Study of Radiation Shielding Features of CaO-K2O-Na2O-P2O5 Glass Systems

et al. 2021

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The gamma radiation shielding ability for CaO-K2O-Na2O-P2O5 glasses were experimentally determined between 0.0595 and 1.41 MeV. The experimental MAC results were compared with theoretical results obtained from the XCOM software to test the accuracy of the experimental values. Additionally, the effect of increasing the P2O5 in the glass composition, or reducing the Na2O content, was evaluated at varying energies. For the fabricated glasses, the experimental data strongly agreed with the XCOM results. The effective atomic number (Zeff) of the fabricated glasses was also determined. The Zeff values start out at their maximum (12.41–12.55) at the lowest tested energy, 0.0595 MeV, and decrease to 10.69–10.80 at 0.245 MeV. As energy further increases, the Zeff values remain almost constant between 0.344 and 1.41 MeV. The mean free path (MFP) of the fabricated glasses is investigated and we found that the lowest MFP value occurs at the lowest tested energy, 0.0595 MeV, and lies within the range of 1.382–1.486 cm, while the greatest MFP can be found at the highest tested energy, 1.41 MeV, within the range of 8.121–8.656 cm. At all energies, the KCNP40 sample has the lowest MFP, while the KCNP60 sample has the greatest. The half value layer (HVL) for the KCNP-X glasses is determined. For all the selected energies, the HVL values follow the order of KCNP40 < KCNP45 < KCNP50 < KCNP55 < KCNP60. The HVL of the KCNP50 sample increased from 0.996 to 2.663, 3.392, 4.351, and 5.169 cm for energies of 0.0595, 0.245, 0.444, 0.779, and 1.11 MeV, respectively. The radiation protection efficiency (RPE) results reveal that decreasing the P2O5 content in the glasses improves the radiation shielding ability of the samples. Thus, the KCNP40 sample has the best potential for photon attenuation applications.

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NaI cubic detector full-energy peak efficiency, including coincidence and self-absorption corrections for rectangular sources using analytical method

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Improving Gamma Ray Shielding Behaviors of Polypropylene Using PbO Nanoparticles: An Experimental Study

Improving Gamma Ray Shielding Behaviors of Polypropylene Using PbO Nanoparticles: An Experimental Study

The Potentials of Egyptian and Indian Granites for Protection of Ionizing Radiation

Experimental and Theoretical Study of Radiation Shielding Features of CaO-K2O-Na2O-P2O5 Glass Systems

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