“…Since the discovery of electrically conducting polymers (ECPs) in 1977, the polymerization methods, chemical modication of these polymers, and their application elds have progressed signicantly. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Among them, aromatic polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene (PTh), and polyaniline (PANI) are particularly of interest, in part due to their unique physicochemical properties. [7][8][9][10][11][12] In this respect, PANI has been intensively explored both theoretically, and experimentally, and is considered as one of the most promising materials due to its unique physicochemical properties such as excellent redox reversibility, good thermal and environmental stability, controllable electrical conductivity, high energy density, ease of synthesis, and low cost.…”