NAD+-dependent HDAC inhibitor stimulates Monascus pigment production but inhibit citrinin

Abstract

Monascus species are edible fungi due to the production of food colorant and other beneficial compounds. Hence, it has been an attractive thesis to improve their productivities. Increasing numbers of investigations revealed that regulating the activities of histone deacetylases can significantly perturb secondary metabolites (SM) production at a global level. In this study, dihydrocoumarin (DHC, an inhibitor of the Sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases) was used to treat Monascus ruber for evaluating its effects on organism growth and SM production. The results revealed that the variation trends of colonial sizes, biomass and mycotoxin were in a dose-dependent manner. Generally, they decreased with the increased DHC concentrations in the designed range. But the variation trend of pigment was different. Comparison of SM profile, three new peaks occurred to the mycelia extractions from DHC-treated strain corresponding to molecular weights 402, 416 and 444, respectively. These three compounds were identified as Monasfluol B, Monascus azaphilone C and acetyl-monasfluol B (a new Monascus chemical pigment structure). In short, DHC can stimulate M. ruber strain to produce more pigment-like polyketides but inhibition of mycotoxin (citrinin).Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13568-017-0467-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Soybean isoflavones reduce citrinin production by Monascus aurantiacus Li AS3.4384 in liquid state fermentation using different media

“…To remove citrinin from Monascus products, several methods, screened for low or no production of citrinin from Monascus strains and a lack of mutagenesis and gene transformation of Monascus, have been developed in the last several decades. [22][23][24][25][26][27] In our previous study, we found that some flavonoids can affect the production of citrinin by Monascus. 28 Soybean isoflavones (SI) are flavonoids whose main components include daidzein, genistein, soybean flavin, and flavin glycoside.…”

“…Therefore, methods to reduce the citrinin content of Monascus products have attracted great attention in Monascus ‐related research. To remove citrinin from Monascus products, several methods, screened for low or no production of citrinin from Monascus strains and a lack of mutagenesis and gene transformation of Monascus , have been developed in the last several decades …”

Recent advances in the chemistry and biology of azaphilones

“…CRI7 33 Cytotoxic (A549: 46.5 mg mL À1 , HuCCA-1: 48.1 mg mL À1 , MOLT-3: 17.4 mg mL À1 ) Dothideomynones B (39), D-F (41)(42)(43) Dothideomycete sp. CRI7 34 Mycoleptone A (44) Mycoleptodiscus indicus 15 Cytotoxic (PC3: 10.0 mM); antileishmanial (Leishmania major: 28.5 mM) Mycoleptone B (45) Mycoleptodiscus indicus 15 Cytotoxic (PC3: 7.1 mM); antileishmanial (Leishmania major: 21.7 mM) Mycoleptone C (46) Mycoleptodiscus indicus 15 Deectin C1 (47) Aspergillus deectus NCC0415 36 Inhibit enzyme (SHP2: 29.3 mM, PTP1B: 40.4 mM) Deectin C2 (48) Aspergillus deectus NCC0415 36 Inhibit enzyme (SHP2: 21.1 mM, PTP1B: 19.8 mM) Deectin C3 (49) Aspergillus deectus NCC0415 36 Inhibit enzyme (SHP2: 16.2 mM, PTP1B: 16.5 mM) (51) Aspergillus deectus NCC0415 36 Inhibit enzyme (SHP2: 7.0 mM, PTP1B: 6.1 mM) Deectin E (52) Aspergillus deectus NCC0415 36 Inhibit enzyme (SHP2: 16.0 mM, PTP1B: 24.0 mM) 8,11-Didehydrochermesinone B (53) Nigrospora sp. YE3033 26 Colletotrichone A (54) Colletotrichum sp.…”

“…This subgroup including thirteen compounds were characterized by an angular lactone on the azaphilone nucleus with a propenyl side chain and an acyl chain ( Fig. 6 and Table 1), for example, monascuskaodione (82), 44 monascuspurone (83), 45 monasuol B (84), 46 acetyl-monasuol B (86), 47 MC-2 (87), and MC-4 (88). 48 Monascusazaphilone C (85), carrying with an acetoxy group attached at the side chain, was obtained from Monascus purpureus BCRC 38108, which showed moderate NO inhibitory activity (IC 50 ¼ 6.8 mg mL À1 ).…”

“…Chemical structures of deflectin-type azaphilones(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65).…”