Na₄Co₃(PO₄)₂P₂O₇/NC Composite as a Negative Electrode for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

In recent years, the mixed phosphate-based polyanionic electrode materials have attracted great attention in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their structural stability during cycling and open framework for ion diffusion. Here, we report the electrochemical performance of a Na 4 Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 P 2 O 7 /nitrogen-doped carbon (NCPP/NC) composite as a negative electrode (anode) for SIBs in the working potential range of 0.01−3.0 V. It delivers a reversible discharge capacity of 250 mA h g −1 at 0.5 C current rate, which corresponds to the insertion/extraction of four sodium ions. The rate capability study indicates the reversible mechanism and highly stable capacity (61 mA h g −1 ) even at a high rate of up to 5 C as compared to pristine NCPP. The incorporation of the N-doped carbon spheres in the composite is expected to enhance the electronic/ionic conductivity, which plays an important role in improving the performance and stability up to 400 cycles at 1 C rate. Intriguingly, the analysis of cyclic voltammetry data measured at different scan rates confirms the capacitive/diffusive-controlled mechanism, and the extracted diffusion coefficient is found to be around 10 −10 cm 2 s −1 . Our results demonstrate that the NCPP/NC composite is also a potential candidate as an anode in SIBs due to its three-dimensional framework, cost effectiveness, enhanced specific capacity, and further possibility of improving the stability.

Diffusion mechanism and electrochemical investigation of 1T phase Al–MoS2@rGO nano-composite as a high-performance anode for sodium-ion batteries

“…In order to calculate the value of D, we fit the oxidation/reduction peak current versus square root of ν with linear behavior, as shown in Fig. 4 tive and diffusive current, as given below [26,72,73]:…”

Vanadium-free NASICON-type electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries

“…In addition to the common manganese-based materials and iron-based materials, there are other types of vanadium-free NASICON used in sodium-ion battery cathode materials such as Na 3 Cr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , 87 Na 4 Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 P 2 O 7 , 88–91 and Na 4 Ni 3 (PO 4 ) 2 P 2 O 7 . 92,93…”

Electrochemical energy storage and conversion: An overview

“…Despite the similar electrochemistry of SIBs and LIBs, substantial and cost driven research progress has been made in the development of SIBs with respect to electrodes and electrolytes. Till now, there have been detailed reviews reports available in the literature describing the progress in the electrode materials for SIBs (Chandra et al, 2020; Dwivedi et al, 2021; Eshetu et al, 2020; F. Li et al, 2019; Palomares et al, 2012; Sapra et al, 2021). Figure 8 depicts the schematic representation of SIBs including the key components such as cathodes, anode, and electrolytes including the binder (Hwang et al, 2017).…”