Solid-state
electrolyte (SSE) is promising for application in all-solid-state
lithium metal batteries because of its reliable safety and longevity.
The failure of SSE to suppress dendrite formation of Li metal anodes
has been conventionally explained by uneven Li deposition at Li/SSE
interfaces and its subsequent dendritic growth. While Li deposition
within SSE has been recently proposed as another key cause for SSE
failure, little is known regarding the Li growth details inside the
SSE itself. In this work, we performed in situ microscopic
observation of Li deposition inside the SSE and obtained visualized
evidence regarding the dynamic process of Li dendrite formation and
growth. Li is seen to directly nucleate and propagate within the SSE,
leading to its structural cracking. Such behavior should be caused
by the presence of P- and S-based crystalline defects in Li3PS4 SSE, which is consistent with the cryo-transmission
electron microscopy observations and theoretical calculations. This
observation provides important insights into the growth mechanisms
of Li dendrites within a working lithium battery.
Aqueous rechargeable zinc−iodine batteries are emerging high-safety and cost-effective technology for large-scale energy storage. However, the high solubility of discharge species polyiodide in aqueous electrolyte is the major challenge for iodine cathode. Herein, the polyiodide doped conductive polymer cathode is proposed to suppress the dissolution of active materials in electrolyte. High reversible capacity of 160 mAh/g and remarkable cycling stability with capacity retention of 79% after 700 cycles at 1.5 A/g are achieved.
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