Na-Dene populations descend from the Paleo-Eskimo migration into America

Flegontov, Pavel; Altınışık, N. Ezgi; Changmai, Piya; Vajda, Edward J.; Krause, Johannes; Schiffels, Stephan

doi:10.1101/074476

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Q-M25 is observed from Eastern Europe until Central Asia with its highest frequency in the Iranian Plateau where it is virtually only represented by its clade Q-L712 (Additional file 9: Figure S3c). This lineage has not been observed in present-day North Native Americans, but it has been recently reported in ancient Aleutian Islanders, ancient northern Athabaskans and in a 4250-year-old individual of the Chukotkan Ust’-Belaya culture [33].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…3B). Indeed Q-M25, which is frequent in modern Western Eurasians [53, 54], is described as Q-L712 and Q-L713 in ancient samples from the Beringian area [33] indicating that, during the warmer mid-Holocene period, populations carrying different haplogroup Q lineages reached the former Beringian area but gave a limited contribution to the modern Y chromosome gene pool. Differently, Q-F746 , which is common in Southeast Asia as Q-M120 (4.6 ± 0.9 ky), encompasses the pre-M120 lineage (dated 14.7 ± 2.3 ky) observed in an Alaskan subject (Tsimshian), the Q-B143 lineage (8.4 ± 1.3 ky), which characterizes the Saqqaq Paleo-Eskimo (4 ky), and the new branch Q-PV706 (2.8 ± 0.9 ky) observed in a few Koryaks of Northeastern Siberia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q characterizes ancient population movements in Eurasia and the Americas

et al. 2019

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Background: Recent genome studies of modern and ancient samples have proposed that Native Americans derive from a subset of the Eurasian gene pool carried to America by an ancestral Beringian population, from which two well-differentiated components originated and subsequently mixed in different proportion during their spread in the Americas. To assess the timing, places of origin and extent of admixture between these components, we performed an analysis of the Y-chromosome haplogroup Q, which is the only Pan-American haplogroup and accounts for virtually all Native American Y chromosomes in Mesoamerica and South America. Results: Our analyses of 1.5 Mb of 152 Y chromosomes, 34 re-sequenced in this work, support a "coastal and inland routes scenario" for the first entrance of modern humans in North America. We show a major phase of male population growth in the Americas after 15 thousand years ago (kya), followed by a period of constant population size from 8 to 3 kya, after which a secondary sign of growth was registered. The estimated dates of the first expansion in Mesoamerica and the Isthmo-Colombian Area, mainly revealed by haplogroup Q-Z780, suggest an entrance in South America prior to 15 kya. During the global constant population size phase, local South American hints of growth were registered by different Q-M848 sub-clades. These expansion events, which started during the Holocene with the improvement of climatic conditions, can be ascribed to multiple cultural changes rather than a steady population growth and a single cohesive culture diffusion as it occurred in Europe. Conclusions: We established and dated a detailed haplogroup Q phylogeny that provides new insights into the geographic distribution of its Eurasian and American branches in modern and ancient samples.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q characterizes ancient population movements in Eurasia and the Americas

et al. 2019

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“…The alternative, that NNAs and SNAs split in Alaska, seems less likely; it would have required several thousand years of strong population structure prior to ~16 ka ago to differentiate those groups from each other and from ABs, as well as a separate SNA presence, which has yet to be found (1). These data indicate that the Athabascans and Inuit, who inhabit Alaska today and are NNAs but with additional Siberianrelated ancestry (1,4,18,33), presumably moved north into the region sometime after ~9 ka ago, the age of the Trail Creek individual (1,13).…”

Section: Insights Into Early Eastern Beringian Populations From An Al...mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Pacific Northwest groups had a Late Pleistocene demographic history argued to be distinct from that of early SNA groups (1,2,9,18,33). To explore the population history and the relationship of regional populations to NNAs and SNAs, we assessed the genetic affinities between the 5.6-kaold Big Bar Lake individual from the Fraser Plateau of central British Columbia and other NAs.…”

Section: Long-term Complex Population History In the Pacific Northwestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early human dispersals within the Americas

Moreno-Mayar

Vinner

Damgaard

et al. 2018

Science

250

297

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Studies of the peopling of the Americas have focused on the timing and number of initial migrations. Less attention has been paid to the subsequent spread of people within the Americas. We sequenced 15 ancient human genomes spanning from Alaska to Patagonia; six are ≥10,000 years old (up to ~18× coverage). All are most closely related to Native Americans, including those from an Ancient Beringian individual and two morphologically distinct “Paleoamericans.” We found evidence of rapid dispersal and early diversification that included previously unknown groups as people moved south. This resulted in multiple independent, geographically uneven migrations, including one that provides clues of a Late Pleistocene Australasian genetic signal, as well as a later Mesoamerican-related expansion. These led to complex and dynamic population histories from North to South America.

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“…The heuristic approach in TreeMix 24 showed that the best proxies for the Asian component in Athabascans and Greenlandic Inuit are Koryaks and the Saqqaq individual, respectively. We then followed an incremental approach for fitting an f-statistic-based admixture graph 20 , including the Kets, previously suggested to share a linguistic and perhaps a genetic link with Athabascans 11,27 . This approach recapitulated the TreeMix results , and yielded a model in which both Athabascans and Greenlandic Inuit derive from the NNA branch.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan genome reveals first founding population of Native Americans

Moreno-Mayar

Potter

Vinner

et al. 2018

Nature

307

273

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Despite broad agreement that the Americas were initially populated via Beringia, the land bridge that connected far northeast Asia with northwestern North America during the Pleistocene epoch, when and how the peopling of the Americas occurred remains unresolved. Analyses of human remains from Late Pleistocene Alaska are important to resolving the timing and dispersal of these populations. The remains of two infants were recovered at Upward Sun River (USR), and have been dated to around 11.5 thousand years ago (ka). Here, by sequencing the USR1 genome to an average coverage of approximately 17 times, we show that USR1 is most closely related to Native Americans, but falls basal to all previously sequenced contemporary and ancient Native Americans. As such, USR1 represents a distinct Ancient Beringian population. Using demographic modelling, we infer that the Ancient Beringian population and ancestors of other Native Americans descended from a single founding population that initially split from East Asians around 36 ± 1.5 ka, with gene flow persisting until around 25 ± 1.1 ka. Gene flow from ancient north Eurasians into all Native Americans took place 25-20 ka, with Ancient Beringians branching off around 22-18.1 ka. Our findings support a long-term genetic structure in ancestral Native Americans, consistent with the Beringian 'standstill model'. We show that the basal northern and southern Native American branches, to which all other Native Americans belong, diverged around 17.5-14.6 ka, and that this probably occurred south of the North American ice sheets. We also show that after 11.5 ka, some of the northern Native American populations received gene flow from a Siberian population most closely related to Koryaks, but not Palaeo-Eskimos, Inuits or Kets, and that Native American gene flow into Inuits was through northern and not southern Native American groups. Our findings further suggest that the far-northern North American presence of northern Native Americans is from a back migration that replaced or absorbed the initial founding population of Ancient Beringians.

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Na-Dene populations descend from the Paleo-Eskimo migration into America

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Analysis of the human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q characterizes ancient population movements in Eurasia and the Americas

Analysis of the human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q characterizes ancient population movements in Eurasia and the Americas

Early human dispersals within the Americas

Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan genome reveals first founding population of Native Americans

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