n-Type doping for efficient polymeric electron-transporting layers in perovskite solar cells

Abstract

n-Type doping of a polymeric electron-transporting layer in a perovskite solar cell doubles the performance of the device.

Recent Progress in Organic Electron Transport Materials in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

“…For example, PCE of N‐2200‐based device (15.02%) can be improved to 16.84% after N‐2200 was doped with PFN‐Ox . In another case, the PCE of PNDI‐2T‐based devices (6.5%) was enhanced after doping with N‐DMBI . The chemical structures of polymer‐based ETLs, which presented in this section, are shown in Figure .…”

Homochiral Asymmetric‐Shaped Electron‐Transporting Materials for Efficient Non‐Fullerene Perovskite Solar Cells

“…However, NDI‐Cy6 exhibits very poor solubility in various organic solvents. Owing to limitations in solubility and poor film‐ forming ability of NDI‐based small‐molecule ETMs, NDI‐based polymeric ETMs are primarily used for PSCs …”

“…Owing to limitations in solubility and poor filmforming ability of NDI-based small-molecule ETMs,N DI-based polymericETMs are primarily used for PSCs. [38][39][40] In this study,a symmetric-shaped chiral (R)-1-phenylethyl (PhE) groups acting as solubilizing groups by reducing molecular symmetry and increasing free volumea re introduced onto N-substituted NDIc ores. In the chiral PhE group, the chiral centerc arbon atom is connected to four groups (NDI, phenyl, CH 3 ,a nd H) having different sizes and shapes.…”

Perylene Diimide‐Based Electron‐Transporting Material for Perovskite Solar Cells with Undoped Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) as Hole‐Transporting Material

“…Fullerene and its derivative phenyl‐C 61 ‐butyric‐acid‐methyl ester (PCBM) are widely used as ETMs for inverted PVSCs, benefiting from their suitable energy level alignment, decent electron mobility, and ease of processability . Because the synthesis of fullerene‐based ETMs is longwinded and complicated owing to multistep syntheses and difficult purification, non‐fullerene ETMs, such as rylene‐based organic small molecules, naphthalene diimide (NDI)‐based polymers and small molecules, and coronene diimide and indacenodithiophene small molecules, are also studied for PVSCs. Among these non‐fullerene ETMs, perylene diimide (PDI)‐based ETMs have attracted much attention, owing to their high electron nucleophilic potential and strong electron‐receiving power .…”

“…Even so, promising organic ETMs for PVSCs are developed rapidly.F ullerene and its derivative phenyl-C 61 -butyric-acidmethyl ester (PCBM) [27,28] are widely used as ETMs for inverted PVSCs, [29,30] benefiting from their suitable energy level alignment,d ecent electron mobility, [31] and ease of processability. [32] Because the synthesis of fullerene-based ETMs is longwinded and complicated owing to multistep syntheses and difficult purification, [33,34] non-fullerene ETMs,s uch as rylene-based organic small molecules, [35,36] naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based polymers and small molecules, [37][38][39][40] and coronene diimide and indacenodithiophene smallm olecules, [41][42][43] are also studied for PVSCs. Among these non-fullerene ETMs, perylene diimide (PDI)-based ETMs have attracted much attention, owing to Perylene diimide-based smallm olecules are widely used as intermediates of liquid crystals, owing to their high planarity and electron mobility.I nt his study,t etrachloroperylene diimide (TCl-PDI)w as used as as mall-molecule replacement for TiO 2 as electron-transporting material( ETM) for planar perovskite solar cells (PVSCs).…”