N‐Type 2D Organic Single Crystals for High‐Performance Organic Field‐Effect Transistors and Near‐Infrared Phototransistors

Wang, Cong; Ren, Xiaochen; Xu, Chunhui; Fu, Beibei; Wang, Ruihao; Zhang, Xiaotao; Li, Rongjin; Li, Hongxiang; Dong, Huanli; Zhen, Yonggang; Lei, Shengbin; Jiang, Lang; Hu, Wenping

doi:10.1002/adma.201706260

Cited by 161 publications

(174 citation statements)

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“…The I ph value can be expressed by a simple law ( I ph ∝ P 0.61 ) from the log–log plot of I ph dependence on the light intensity and exhibits a sublinear response, which can be ascribed to the process involved in the trap states induced by the defects or charge impurities present in the TMCA microrod and the semiconductor/dielectric interface (Figure d) . In addition, the threshold voltage shift (Δ V th , towards more positive values) also exhibits an approximately linear relationship as a function of the power density, and the maximum Δ V th is up to 73 V (Figure e), which is derived from filling of the trap sites by the photogenerated carriers, which causes injection and accumulation of additional holes in the active layer . Besides, several other critical parameters to evaluate optoelectronic performance, that is, photoresponsivity R , external quantum efficiency (EQE), detectivity D *, and linear dynamic range (LDR), were also evaluated .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[47,48] In addition, the threshold voltage shift (DV th ,t owards more positive values) also exhibits an approximately linear relationship as af unctiono ft he power density,a nd the maximum DV th is up to 73 V( Figure6e), which is derived from filling of the trap sites by the photogenerated carriers, which causesi njection and accumulationo fa dditional holes in the active layer. [49] Besides, severalo ther criticalp arameterst oe valuateo ptoelectronic performance, that is, photoresponsivity R,e xternalq uantum efficiency( EQE), detectivity D*, and linear dynamic range (LDR), were also evaluated. [50] the R value, an important factor determining the efficacy of the generated I ph with respectt o the incident optical power and is expressed as R = I ph /P in (P in = incident optical power), showed ar emarkable value of 3.0 10 3 AW À1 at ap ower density of 6.7 mWcm À2 in the depleted area (V G = 10 V, V DS = À60 V; Figure 6f).…”

Section: Optoelectronicc Haracteristics and Phototransistor Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights into the Control of Optoelectronic Properties in Mixed‐Stacking Charge‐Transfer Complexes

Wang

Xie

et al. 2020

Chemistry A European J

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Although cocrystallization has provided a promising platform to develop new organic optoelectronic materials, it is still a big challenge to purposely design and achieve specific optoelectronic properties. Herein, a series of mixed‐stacking cocrystals (TMFA, TMCA, and TMTQ) were designed and synthesized, and the regulatory effects of the acceptors on the co‐assembly behavior, charge‐transfer nature, energy‐level structures, and optoelectronic characteristics were systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that it is feasible to achieve effective charge‐transport tuning and photoresponse switching by carefully regulating the intermolecular charge transfer and energy orbitals. The inherent mechanisms underlying the change in these optoelectronic behaviors were analyzed in depth and elucidated to provide clear guidelines for future development of new optoelectronic materials. In addition, due to the excellent photoresponsive characteristics of TMCA, TMCA‐based phototransistors were investigated with varying light wavelength and optical power, and TMCA shows the best performance among all reported cocrystals under UV illumination.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optoelectronicc Haracteristics and Phototransistor Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Control of Optoelectronic Properties in Mixed‐Stacking Charge‐Transfer Complexes

Wang

Xie

et al. 2020

Chemistry A European J

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“…We recently demonstrated a highperformance NIR phototransistor based on a 2D ultrathin organic single-crystal semiconductor. [170] A furan-thiophene quinoidal compound (TFT-CN) organic single crystal with a thickness of less than 5 nm is grown via the "solution epitaxy" method and shows an absorption peak at 820 nm. The TFT-CN single crystal exhibited an n-type transport property with an electron mobility of 1.36 cm 2 V −1 s −1 .…”

Section: Single Layer Phototransistormentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Field‐Effect Transistor for Energy‐Related Applications: Low‐Power‐Consumption Devices, Near‐Infrared Phototransistors, and Organic Thermoelectric Devices

Ren

Yang

Gao

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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105

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The operating frequency of ring oscillators or radio-frequency identification tags made by OFETs have surpassed MHz. [27,28] With the growing level of integration and the operating frequency of OFETs, the power dissipation issue can no longer be ignored. Considering the material composition of most organic semiconductors, controlling the temperature rise within a reasonable range is important to avoid the unwanted degradation of organic materials and therefore maintain stable device operation. In addition, OFETs fabricated on flexi ble substrates somehow limit the use of conventional batteries. To avoid externally wiring the batteries, flexible OFET-based circuits can be expected to be self-powered by integrating them with organic solar cells, thermoelectric modules, or triboelectric nanogenerators. [29,30] All of these demands require OFETs operating with extremely low power consumption. Rapid progress has been made in this field, and research efforts have focused on reducing the operating voltage of OFETs, [31][32][33] enhancing the switching efficiency of transistors, [34][35][36][37] and demonstrating several novel device concepts for low-power applications. [38][39][40][41][42] Despite the switching function, OFETs can also be utilized in emerging energy-related applications, such as near-infrared (NIR) photodetectors and organic thermoelectric devices dueThe organic field-effect transistor (OFET) is the basic building block of integrated circuits. The charge carrier mobility and operating frequency of OFETs have continued to increase; therefore, the power dissipation of OFETs can no longer be ignored. Many research efforts have been made to develop low-power-consumption OFETs and complementary circuits. Despite the switching function, OFETs can also be utilized in emerging energy-related applications, such as near-infrared (NIR) photodetectors and organic thermoelectric devices. Organic phototransistors show considerably higher photo responsivity than other photodetector architectures due to field-effect charge modulation. The photoinduced gate modulating largely suppresses the dark current while simultaneously providing gain. These characteristics may favor NIR light detection and suggest that the organic phototransistor is a promising candidate for optoelectronic applications in the NIR regime. For organic thermoelectric applications, OFETs can work as a powerful tool for examining the charge and energy transport in the organic semiconductor, thus giving insight into organic thermoelectric studies. In this review, the authors highlight recent advances in OFET-related energy topics, including lowpower-consumption OFETs, NIR photodetectors, and organic thermoelectric devices. The remaining challenges in the field will also be discussed.

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confidence: 99%

Toward Design of Novel Materials for Organic Electronics

et al. 2019

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organic/inorganic perovskites solar cells [6] to printable electronic circuits based on organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). [7] While OLED displays outperform their inorganic counterparts in terms of energy efficiency, [8] scientific and technical challenges concerning the stability and processability of the organic materials used in large-area OLEDs and organic solar cells remain. New challenges arise from applications, such as displays on flexible substrates, OLED lightning, large area displays as well as for printable or solution processable larger area solar cells. [8] Many of the remaining challenges are material related, e.g., the low mobility of charge carriers in organic materials in general and in amorphous organic semiconductors in particular. There are other materials related issues, such as limited OLED life times due to unstable blue hosts and emitters, [9] low fill factors, and therefore reduced power conversion efficiencies of organic solar cells, [10,11] low conductivity and high costs of organic charge transport layers of perovskite solar cells [6,12,13] and low conductivity and hard processability of crystalline OFET materials. [14] Conductivity and injection can be improved by doping the organic thin films with molecular dopants with high electron affinities (p-type) [15] or low ionization energies (n-type). [16] The doping mechanism of organic materials is in many cases not well understood, [17] making material and device optimization a costly experimental endeavor.The development of better materials is presently based on chemical insight, in part guided by theoretical understanding, or the experimental screening of large numbers of compounds. Given the size of the potentially available chemical space this remains a costly and time-consuming approach. Recent successes in experimental design of novel materials and concepts include the development of a stable strong molecular n-type dopant, [16] a study about the quantitative relation between interaction parameter, miscibility, and function of conjugated polymer donors and small-molecule acceptors for bulk heterojunctions as used in organic solar cells [18] the development of a universal strategy for ohmic hole injection into organic semiconductors with high ionization energies [19] and many others. [20][21][22][23][24][25] Another example is the development of strategies to harvest triplet excitons in organic light emitting diodes. For this purpose, novel classes of emitter molecules were developed, which include thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)-based molecules, [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] rotationally accessed spin-state inversion, [33] and radical-based emitters. [34] Materials for organic electronics are presently used in prominent applications, such as displays in mobile devices, while being intensely researched for other purposes, such as organic photovoltaics, large-area devices, and thin-film transistors. Many of the challenges to improve and optimize these applications are material related and there is a nearly inf...

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N‐Type 2D Organic Single Crystals for High‐Performance Organic Field‐Effect Transistors and Near‐Infrared Phototransistors

Cited by 161 publications

References 41 publications

Insights into the Control of Optoelectronic Properties in Mixed‐Stacking Charge‐Transfer Complexes

Insights into the Control of Optoelectronic Properties in Mixed‐Stacking Charge‐Transfer Complexes

Organic Field‐Effect Transistor for Energy‐Related Applications: Low‐Power‐Consumption Devices, Near‐Infrared Phototransistors, and Organic Thermoelectric Devices

Toward Design of Novel Materials for Organic Electronics

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