“…Many variables (Fig. 1) affect the ultimate phenolic content of fruit and fruit products, including horticultural, genetic, environmental, and processing factors (Lee et al 2002(Lee et al , 2004a(Lee et al ,b, 2008bLee and Wrolstad 2004;Lee and Finn 2007;Tarara et al 2008;Lee 2010a;Lee and Skinkis 2013;Lee and Steenwerth 2013;Mosse et al 2013;Schreiner et al 2013;Thornton et al 2013). The study of phenolics is very complex as other compounds (e.g., free amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids) involved in plant metabolite biosynthesis also contribute to quality appearance and flavor parameters, and affect fermentation and processing behavior.…”