N,O‐Codoped Hierarchically Porous Carbons Derived from Squid Pen for High‐Capacity Supercapacitors

Abstract

Fabrication of multi‐heteroatom doped hierarchically porous carbon with a facile and environment procedure has been well investigated for supercapacitor industry. We put forward a time‐saving and environmentally friendly method for the manufacture of N,O‐codoped carbons by using direct carbonization of biomass squid pens. Under our facile procedure, the raw carbon materials have been transformed into hierarchical porous carbons, combined with high specific area surface (2540 cm2⋅g−1), micro/meso/macropore inside, and rich N (1.01‐7.44%) and O (17.00‐18.88%) content. It is a completely novel and green avenue for constructing hierarchical porous carbon materials from biomass, showing large commercial potential. Supercapacitors made from the resulting material possess very high specific capacitance (the highest up to 581 F⋅g−1), twice as much as commercial activated carbon (100‐250 F⋅g−1). In particular, it retains 336.6 F⋅g−1 of specific capacitance at a high current density of 10 A⋅g−1, which is a promising material for devices that require operation at high current densities. In addition, it also has a high cyclic stability (maintaining 90% capacitance after 10,000 cycle) and lower impedance. We believe that the hierarchically porous N,O‐codoped carbons derived from squid pens could be an ideal candidate for the energy storage and conversion devices.

Heteroatom-Rich Porous Carbons Derived from Nontoxic Green Organic Crystals for High-Performance Symmetric and Asymmetric Supercapacitors with Aqueous/Gel Electrolyte

“…One is to add dopant, , but there may be some problems, such as uneven distribution of N/O, low compatibility between carbon base and N/O source, pore blockage, etc . N doping with NH 3 can avoid blocking channels, but increases cleaning difficulty and hidden danger. , The other is self-doping by using precursors containing heteroatoms (such as p -benzoquinone/thiourea polymer, quinone-amine polymer, and melamine-glyoxal polymer), − which can form uniform doping and good porous structure. , However, most current studies focus on material preparation and the doping effect. It is still difficult to explain the formation/doping mechanism of HPCs.…”

“…There are two main methods for doping N/O. One is to add dopant, 10,11 but there may be some problems, such as uneven distribution of N/O, low compatibility between carbon base and N/O source, pore blockage, etc. 12 N doping with NH 3 can avoid blocking channels, but increases cleaning difficulty and hidden danger.…”

“…10,13 The other is self-doping by using precursors containing heteroatoms (such as p-benzoquinone/ thiourea polymer, quinone-amine polymer, and melamineglyoxal polymer), 14−16 which can form uniform doping and good porous structure. 11,14 However, most current studies focus on material preparation and the doping effect. It is still difficult to explain the formation/doping mechanism of HPCs.…”

Supermolecule Cucurbituril Subnanoporous Carbon Supercapacitor (SCSCS)

“…The CV curves of CBC-X electrodes were measured in a working potential from 0 to 3.8 V at a scan rate of 10 mV s –1 . The CV curves (Figure a) of CBC-X electrodes show a typical quasi-rectangle shape characteristic with no significant polarization, , indicating that all CBC-X electrodes and MMIMBF 4 electrolyte are stable over 0–3.8 V. From galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) curves (Figure b), the gravimetric capacitance (C wt ) of CBC-X electrodes can be calculated. The CBC-800 electrodes exhibit the highest capacitance of 233.5 F g –1 at the current density of 0.2 A g –1 .…”