N-nitrosamines, emerging disinfection by-products of health concern: an overview of occurrence, mechanisms of formation, control and analysis in water

Abstract

International audienceThe presence of N-nitrosamines in water bodies used for drinking water purposes may present a more serious risk for humans than regulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) species. Hence, understanding and controlling the incidence of N-nitrosamines represents a contemporary challenge to the water industry. Although many of these mols. potentially formed as DBPs are detected in chlorinated natural waters, few studies have focused on the formation, occurrence, and anal. of N-nitrosamines. Until now, nine N-nitrosamines have been detected in water samples; N-nitrosodimethylamine is the most frequently reported nitrosamine in drinking water. Although there are currently no federal regulations for these mols. in drinking water, this family of N-DBPs is one of three potential groups of contaminants highlighted for possible regulatory action in the near future. This paper gives an overview of the current knowledge concerning the occurrence, precursors, and formation mechanisms of N-nitrosamines in water. In addn., the existing regulations are described and relevant anal. methods used for their quantification in water samples are also discussed

Synthesis, thermal studies and conversion degree of dimethacrylate polymers using new non-toxic coinitiators

“…However, it is known that secondary and tertiary amines are toxic and carcinogenic to humans, as they may leach into the human body after being used as bone polymers and dentistry polymers. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] To ensure patient safety and regarding green chemistry, these amines should be changed to polyalcohol. With this in mind, this study employed only non-toxic polyalcohols such as glycerol ( (1,2,3-propanetriol), a colorless, odorless, sweetish and very viscous liquid, is a trihidroxylated compound with three carbons, derived from both natural and petrochemical sources.…”

Measurement of pollution levels of N-nitroso compounds of health concern in water using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

“…Although the molecule was found in tap water, the detected concentration is lower that the California's notification level (10 ng L -1 ) or the Ontario's acceptable limit (9 ng L -1 ) (Kadmi et al, 2015a). Li et al (2015), in a survey study of distribution of N-nitrosamines in drinking waters of east of China found NDMA with the highest detection frequency (31%).…”

“…Moreover, it was found that drinking water disinfection processes with chlorine, monochloramine, chlorine dioxide, and ozone generally lead to the formation of these compounds in treated water, by the reaction between disinfectant and the nitrogen containing organic matter (Andrzejewski et al, 2008;Kadmi et al, 2015aKadmi et al, , 2015bSchreiber and Mitch, 2005).…”

Determination of 15 N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors in different water matrices by automated on-line solid-phase extraction ultra-high-performance-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

“…If precursors are present, NDMA may be formed during disinfection of water with chloramines or chlorine [10,11]. According to the published literature, nitrosamine precursors are hydrophilic, electron-rich, have low molecular weight and all have a functional group that could release a secondary amine [12,13].…”