N-hydroxypipecolic acid: a general and conserved activator of systemic plant immunity

Guerra, Tiziana; Romeis, Tina

doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa345

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Notably, activation of NPR1 through SA is dependent on the plant redox state ( Saleem et al., 2021 ). The perception of NHP still needs to be elucidated; as yet, no receptor has been identified ( Hartmann and Zeier, 2019 ; Guerra and Romeis, 2020 ). It was shown that despite structural similarities, NHP does not bind to NPR1 in vitro , while SA binds with a Kd of 585 ± 368 nM ( Nair, 2021 ).…”

Section: Naturally Occurring Priming Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NHP and Pip are important endogenous plant immune modulators that possess priming activity ( Table 1 , Figure 2 ) when exogenously applied to various plants ( Guerra and Romeis, 2020 ). Pip pretreatment increased the resistance to bacteria, SA biosynthesis and camalexin production.…”

Section: Natural Chemical Priming Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, various mutants with constitutively elevated concentrations of NHP possess not only an enhanced resistance but also a dwarf phenotype. When the ability to synthesize NHP was blocked in these mutants, the enhanced resistance and dwarfism were lost (Guerra et al, 2020;Mohnike et al, 2021). This indicated that maintaining the balance in NHP concentration is crucial for regulating growth-defense trade-offs (Bauer et al, 2021;Cai et al, 2021;Hõrak, 2021;Mohnike et al, 2021;Shields et al, 2022).…”

Section: N-hydroxypipecolic Acid and Pipecolic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical priming of plant defense responses to pathogen attacks

et al. 2023

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Plants can acquire an improved resistance against pathogen attacks by exogenous application of natural or artificial compounds. In a process called chemical priming, application of these compounds causes earlier, faster and/or stronger responses to pathogen attacks. The primed defense may persist over a stress-free time (lag phase) and may be expressed also in plant organs that have not been directly treated with the compound. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the signaling pathways involved in chemical priming of plant defense responses to pathogen attacks. Chemical priming in induced systemic resistance (ISR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is highlighted. The roles of the transcriptional coactivator NONEXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1), a key regulator of plant immunity, induced resistance (IR) and salicylic acid signaling during chemical priming are underlined. Finally, we consider the potential usage of chemical priming to enhance plant resistance to pathogens in agriculture.

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Section: Naturally Occurring Priming Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Natural Chemical Priming Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: N-hydroxypipecolic Acid and Pipecolic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical priming of plant defense responses to pathogen attacks

et al. 2023

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“…SAR is associated with transcriptional changes in distal leaves that are dependent on two endogenous chemicals, salicylic acid (SA) and N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) [4]. SA, biosynthesized by the isochorismate synthase (ICS) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase pathways, is a well-recognized key regulator of plant immunity to biotrophic pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Application of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl Treatment Induces Antiviral Responses in Distal Leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana

Ito,

Sakugawa,

Novianti

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant defense mechanism that provides protection against a broad spectrum of pathogens in distal tissues. Recent studies have revealed a concerted function of salicylic acid (SA) and N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) in the establishment of SAR against bacterial pathogens, but it remains unknown whether NHP is also involved in SAR against viruses. We found that the local application of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), a synthetic analog of SA, suppressed plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV) infection in the distal leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. This suppression of infection in untreated distal leaves was observed at 1 day, but not at 3 days, after application. ASM application significantly increased the expression of SAR-related genes, including PR1, SID2, and ALD1 after 1 day of application. Viral suppression in distal leaves after local ASM application was not observed in the sid2-2 mutant, which is defective in isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1), which is involved in salicylic acid synthesis; or in the fmo1 mutant, which is defective in the synthesis of NHP; or in the SA receptor npr1-1 mutant. Finally, we found that the local application of NHP suppressed PlAMV infection in the distal leaves. These results indicate that the local application of ASM induces antiviral SAR against PlAMV through a mechanism involving NHP.

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“…In dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants, enhanced disease resistance is very effective in suppressing infections caused by biological and semibiological vegetative pathogens ( Li et al, 2016 ). Many compounds have been identified as mobile signals of SAR, including salicylic acid ( Metraux et al, 1990 ), methyl salicylate, pipecolic acid (Pip) ( Ding et al, 2016 ), azelaic acid ( Vicente et al, 2012 ), glycerol-3-phosphate ( Chanda et al, 2011 ), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, N -hydroxy-pipecolic acid (NHP) ( Guerra and Romeis, 2020 ), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and dehydroabietinal ( Chaturvedi et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Artificial Pathway for N-Hydroxy-Pipecolic Acid Production From L-Lysine in Escherichia coli

Luo

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid (NHP) is a hydroxylated product of pipecolic acid and an important systemic acquired resistance signal molecule. However, the biosynthesis of NHP does not have a natural metabolic pathway in microorganisms. Here, we designed and constructed a promising artificial pathway in Escherichia coli for the first time to produce NHP from biomass-derived lysine. This biosynthesis route expands the lysine catabolism pathway and employs six enzymes to sequentially convert lysine into NHP. This artificial route involves six functional enzyme coexpression: lysine α-oxidase from Scomber japonicus (RaiP), glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis (GDH), Δ1-piperideine-2-carboxylase reductase from Pseudomonas putida (DpkA), lysine permease from E. coli (LysP), flavin-dependent monooxygenase (FMO1), and catalase from E. coli (KatE). Moreover, different FMO1s are used to evaluate the performance of the produce NHP. A titer of 111.06 mg/L of NHP was yielded in shake flasks with minimal medium containing 4 g/L of lysine. By this approach, NHP has so far been produced at final titers reaching 326.42 mg/L by 48 h in a 5-L bioreactor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first NHP process using E. coli and the first process to directly synthesize NHP by microorganisms. This study lays the foundation for the development and utilization of renewable resources to produce NHP in microorganisms.

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N-hydroxypipecolic acid: a general and conserved activator of systemic plant immunity

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Chemical priming of plant defense responses to pathogen attacks

Chemical priming of plant defense responses to pathogen attacks

Local Application of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl Treatment Induces Antiviral Responses in Distal Leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana

An Artificial Pathway for N-Hydroxy-Pipecolic Acid Production From L-Lysine in Escherichia coli

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