N-Glycosylation Alteration of Serum and Salivary Immunoglobulin A Is a Possible Biomarker in Oral Mucositis

Abstract

Background: Oral and enteral mucositis due to high-dose cytostatic treatment administered during autologous and allogeneic stem-cell transplantation increases mortality. Salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is a basic pillar of local immunity in the first line of defense. Altered salivary sialoglycoprotein carbohydrates are important in the pathologies in the oral cavity including inflammation, infection and neoplasia. Therefore, we assessed whether changes in the salivary and serum IgA glycosylation correlated with development and severity of oral mucositis. Methods: Using capillary electrophoresis, comparative analysis of serum and salivary IgA total N-glycans was conducted in 8 patients with autologous peripheral stem-cell transplantation (APSCT) at four different stages of transplantation (day −3/−7, 0, +7, +14) and in 10 healthy controls. Results: Fourteen out of the 31 structures identified in serum and 6 out of 38 in saliva showed significant changes upon transplantation compared with the control group. Only serum core fucosylated, sialylated bisecting biantennary glycan (FA2BG2S2) showed significant differences between any two stages of transplantation (day −3/−7 and day +14; p = 0.0279). Conclusion: Our results suggest that changes in the serum IgA total N-glycan profile could serve as a disease-specific biomarker in patients undergoing APSCT, while analysis of salivary IgA N-glycan reflects the effect of APSCT on local immunity.

Salivary Osteopontin as a Potential Biomarker for Oral Mucositis

“…Ductal dilatation, cyst formation, acinar degeneration and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the minor, while interstitial fibrosis, vacuolization and nuclear degeneration of both acinar and ductal cells in the major salivary glands were demonstrated [ 58 ]. These results are in line with our previous report [ 2 ] ( Figure 4 ).…”

“…Saliva is one of the most important pillars of oral immunity and a special mirror of the body’s defence mechanisms [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. As a rich reservoir of proteins, especially glycoproteins, electrolytes, lipids and other molecules with several biological functions, saliva plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of oral homeostasis and mucosal integrity [ 5 ].…”

Female sex as an independent prognostic factor in the development of oral mucositis during autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation

“…E2 regulates glycosylation of IgG and its role in immunological processes 51 . Also, salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels change parallel to serum E2 levels 52 and altered N-glycosylation of salivary sIgA and serum IgA is a possible biomarker in oral mucositis 15 . Importantly, high-dose progesterone attenuates the antibacterial activity of neutrophils 53 , whereas decreased estrogen aggravates dento-alveolar infections 54 and impairs leukocyte chemotaxis 35 .…”

“…Sample collection was based on the protocols described previously 14 , 15 . In brief, following oral cavity rinse with 25 ml of physiological saline solution (B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany) for 30 s, saliva was collected for 5 min in 15 ml disposable, pre-disinfected tubes (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).…”

Machine Learning Based Analysis of Human Serum N-glycome Alterations to Follow up Lung Tumor Surgery

“…Capillary electrophoresis separation has several advantages compared to LC, such as short separation times, high efficiency, ultra-low sample volume requirement (in the range of femtoliter and nanoliter injected) and minimal buffer usage, just to list the most important ones [ 15 ]. N- glycans could be analyzed from solid tissues [ 16 ], plasma [ 17 ], serum [ 18 ], saliva [ 19 ] and from FFPE [ 20 ], among others. Tissue biopsy samples are more specific than serum, but their collection is rather invasive and the subsequent analytical sample preparation is very complex.…”