N Balance Studies Emphasize the Superior Protein Quality of Pig Diets at High Inclusion Level of Algae Meal (Spirulina platensis) or Insect Meal (Hermetia illucens) when Adequate Amino Acid Supplementation Is Ensured

Neumann, Carmen; Velten, Susanne; Liebert, F.

doi:10.3390/ani8100172

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Remarkable feeding efficiencies and the ability to upcycle nutrient-poor substrates into protein-rich insect biomass are prime characteristics of commercial interest [ 19 – 21 ]. Given their valuable nutrient profiles [ 22 , 23 ], BSF larvae are highly suited for partially replacing soybean and fishmeal in diets for poultry [ 24 , 25 ], swine [ 26 , 27 ] and aquaculture species [ 28 , 29 ]. Moreover, their high-fat contents could serve as a source for biodiesel [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global population genetic structure and demographic trajectories of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens

et al. 2021

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Background The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is the most promising insect candidate for nutrient-recycling through bioconversion of organic waste into biomass, thereby improving sustainability of protein supplies for animal feed and facilitating transition to a circular economy. Contrary to conventional livestock, genetic resources of farmed insects remain poorly characterised. We present the first comprehensive population genetic characterisation of H. illucens. Based on 15 novel microsatellite markers, we genotyped and analysed 2862 individuals from 150 wild and captive populations originating from 57 countries on seven subcontinents. Results We identified 16 well-distinguished genetic clusters indicating substantial global population structure. The data revealed genetic hotspots in central South America and successive northwards range expansions within the indigenous ranges of the Americas. Colonisations and naturalisations of largely unique genetic profiles occurred on all non-native continents, either preceded by demographically independent founder events from various single sources or involving admixture scenarios. A decisive primarily admixed Polynesian bridgehead population serially colonised the entire Australasian region and its secondarily admixed descendants successively mediated invasions into Africa and Europe. Conversely, captive populations from several continents traced back to a single North American origin and exhibit considerably reduced genetic diversity, although some farmed strains carry distinct genetic signatures. We highlight genetic footprints characteristic of progressing domestication due to increasing socio-economic importance of H. illucens, and ongoing introgression between domesticated strains globally traded for large-scale farming and wild populations in some regions. Conclusions We document the dynamic population genetic history of a cosmopolitan dipteran of South American origin shaped by striking geographic patterns. These reflect both ancient dispersal routes, and stochastic and heterogeneous anthropogenic introductions during the last century leading to pronounced diversification of worldwide structure of H. illucens. Upon the recent advent of its agronomic commercialisation, however, current human-mediated translocations of the black soldier fly largely involve genetically highly uniform domesticated strains, which meanwhile threaten the genetic integrity of differentiated unique local resources through introgression. Our in-depth reconstruction of the contemporary and historical demographic trajectories of H. illucens emphasises benchmarking potential for applied future research on this emerging model of the prospering insect-livestock sector.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global population genetic structure and demographic trajectories of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens

et al. 2021

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“…In their feeding trials with piglets and barrows, Neumann et al [ 19 ] observed that soybean meal could be completely replaced by spirulina (with appropriate lysine supplementation) in swine diets without compromising overall protein quality. However, the authors also observed that supplementing histidine in high amounts when in combination with lysine, methionine and threonine improves protein quality of swine diets containing spirulina [ 19 ]. In additional trials, spirulina as a feed did result in slightly lower carcass weights, however, results remained insignificant compared to the soybean meal-fed group [ 20 ].…”

Section: Spirulina In Swine Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spirulina as Animal Feed: Opportunities and Challenges

Altmann

Rosenau

2022

Foods

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Increasing demand for protein, especially animal-based proteins and the large amounts of protein feed inputs required for production, has largely driven the research on spirulina as an animal feed. This short communication summarizes the results from two larger research projects investigating spirulina as an animal feed. Overall, spirulina appears to be a prospective protein source in poultry and pork production, as well as aquaculture. However, spirulina as a feed can have implications for system productivity and end product quality, depending on animal production system. Neither swine productivity nor product quality was negatively affected with spirulina as a feed, which is likely due to the low amounts of protein required in swine finishing diets. Spirulina as a feed does negatively affect poultry and fish productivity as well as alter product quality, primarily raw meat color. Therefore, future research focused on sustainability analysis and product processing and acceptance should investigate the trade-offs of incorporating spirulina into poultry and fish diets.

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“…Some common insects used in the production of IM include the black soldier fly, yellow mealworm, and the common housefly [ 136 ]. The complete or partial substitution of SBM with defatted IM (from black soldier fly larvae) in diets of piglets and growing pigs revealed no differences in growth performance, pork quality, sensory parameters, and an increase in nitrogen digestibility [ 137 , 138 ]. Growing pigs fed diets containing dried mealworm at 10% had increased or similar energy and AA utilization as compared to pigs fed fish meal, meat meal, or PM [ 139 ].…”

Section: Protein-rich Feed Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Potentials of Atypical Feed Ingredients for Broiler Chickens and Pigs

Babatunde

Park

Adeola

2021

Animals

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Diets play an important part in monogastric nutrition. This is because diets are comprised of various feed ingredients that supply energy and nutrients required by broiler chickens or pigs for normal growth and development. The main feed ingredients used for formulating diets for pigs and chickens are comprised of cereals and oilseed meals. Corn and soybean meal (SBM) are mostly used in North America for animal feeds. However, due to geographical locations, availability, and cost, ingredients such as wheat, barley, and canola meal are often used for feeding pigs and chickens. Overdependence on common ingredients such as corn and SBM for decades has resulted in rising costs of animal production. Therefore, the need has risen to examine the potentials of alternative feed ingredients capable of supplying the required energy and nutrients for monogastric animals. Research has been carried out to identify and evaluate several uncommon feed ingredients and their utilization by broiler chickens and pigs. Thus, this review enumerates the nutritional potentials of feed ingredients in 4 main nutritional classes using information from articles in peer-reviewed journals. Feeding practices, advantages, and limitations of using certain uncommon feed ingredients are discussed. In addition, species-specific factors in terms of practical applications are explored.

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N Balance Studies Emphasize the Superior Protein Quality of Pig Diets at High Inclusion Level of Algae Meal (Spirulina platensis) or Insect Meal (Hermetia illucens) when Adequate Amino Acid Supplementation Is Ensured

Cited by 35 publications

References 32 publications

Global population genetic structure and demographic trajectories of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens

Global population genetic structure and demographic trajectories of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens

Spirulina as Animal Feed: Opportunities and Challenges

Nutritional Potentials of Atypical Feed Ingredients for Broiler Chickens and Pigs

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