N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and risk of colorectal cancer: meta-analysis of prospective studies

Chen, Guo‐Chong; Qin, Li–Qiang; Lü, Duo; Han, Tie-Mei; Zheng, Yan; Xu, Guozhang; Wang, Xiaohuai

doi:10.1007/s10552-014-0492-1

Cited by 34 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Another systematic review found limited evidence to suggest a possible association between long-chain n-3 PUFA intake and increased risk of CRC (42). Furthermore, a recent meta-analysis, which included 14 prospective studies, found no relation between n-3 PUFA intake and CRC risk (43). In addition, our findings for SFA intake were consistent with most prospective epidemiologic studies that did not show an association between SFA intake and CRC (10,38,44).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Dietary Fiber Intake Modifies the Positive Association between n–3 PUFA Intake and Colorectal Cancer Risk in a Caucasian Population

Kraja

Muka

Ruiter

et al. 2015

The Journal of Nutrition

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Dietary Fiber Intake Modifies the Positive Association between n–3 PUFA Intake and Colorectal Cancer Risk in a Caucasian Population

Kraja

Muka

Ruiter

et al. 2015

The Journal of Nutrition

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“…However, we have good reasons to believe that the lack of sodium in our nutrient patterns did not affect our observed associations because it appears that salt intake is not associated with CRC risk (but with stomach cancer risk) (World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research, 2007). Similarly, the evidence for an association of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids with CRC development is not very strong (Song et al , 2014; Chen et al , 2015) and total PUFAs did not explain a large part of the variation in nutrient intakes in EPIC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Main nutrient patterns and colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study

et al. 2016

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Background:Much of the current literature on diet–colorectal cancer (CRC) associations focused on studies of single foods/nutrients, whereas less is known about nutrient patterns. We investigated the association between major nutrient patterns and CRC risk in participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.Methods:Among 477 312 participants, intakes of 23 nutrients were estimated from validated dietary questionnaires. Using results from a previous principal component (PC) analysis, four major nutrient patterns were identified. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed for the association of each of the four patterns and CRC incidence using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for established CRC risk factors.Results:During an average of 11 years of follow-up, 4517 incident cases of CRC were documented. A nutrient pattern characterised by high intakes of vitamins and minerals was inversely associated with CRC (HR per 1 s.d.=0.94, 95% CI: 0.92–0.98) as was a pattern characterised by total protein, riboflavin, phosphorus and calcium (HR (1 s.d.)=0.96, 95% CI: 0.93–0.99). The remaining two patterns were not significantly associated with CRC risk.Conclusions:Analysing nutrient patterns may improve our understanding of how groups of nutrients relate to CRC.

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“…Many rodent studies point to the cancer preventive effects of fish oils [5-7]. Human studies have, however, been less consistent [29]. Data on the biochemistry of fish oil fatty acid metabolism to PGE 2 show that both expression of COXs and the composition of the fatty acid milieu, not just AA concentration, will govern rates of PGE 2 formation [11, 13-15, 30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fish oil supplementation on prostaglandins in normal and tumor colon tissue: modulation by the lipogenic phenotype of colon tumors

Djurić

Aslam

Simon

et al. 2017

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

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Dietary fish oils have potential for prevention of colon cancer, and yet the mechanisms of action in normal and tumor colon tissues are not well defined. Here we evaluated the impact of the colonic fatty acid milieu on formation of prostaglandins and other eicosanoids. Distal tumors in rats were chemically induced to model inflammatory colonic carcinogenesis. After 21 weeks of feeding with either a fish oil diet containing an eicosapentaenoic acid:ω-6 fatty acid ratio of 0.4 or a Western fat diet, the relationships between colon fatty acids and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations were evaluated. PGE2 is a key pro-inflammatory mediator in the colon tightly linked with the initiation and progression of colon cancer. The fish oil versus the Western fat diet resulted in reduced total fatty acid concentrations in serum but not in colon. In the colon, the effects of the fish oil on fatty acids differed in normal and tumor tissue. There were distinct lipodomic patterns consistent with a lipogenic phenotype in tumors. In tumor tissue, the eicosapentaenoic acid:arachidonic acid ratio, cyclooxygenase-2 expression and the mole percent of saturated fatty acids were significant predictors of inter-animal variability in colon PGE2 after accounting for diet. In normal tissues from either control rats or carcinogen-treated rats, only diet was a significant predictor of colon PGE2. These results show that the fatty acid milieu can modulate the efficacy of dietary fish oils for colon cancer prevention, and this could extend to other preventive agents that function by reducing inflammatory stress.

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N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and risk of colorectal cancer: meta-analysis of prospective studies

Abstract: Overall, this meta-analysis finds no relation between n-3 PUFAs intake and risk of CRC. The observed subsite heterogeneity within colon cancer and the possible effect modification by latency time merit further studies.

Cited by 34 publications

References 38 publications

Dietary Fiber Intake Modifies the Positive Association between n–3 PUFA Intake and Colorectal Cancer Risk in a Caucasian Population

Dietary Fiber Intake Modifies the Positive Association between n–3 PUFA Intake and Colorectal Cancer Risk in a Caucasian Population

Main nutrient patterns and colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study

Effects of fish oil supplementation on prostaglandins in normal and tumor colon tissue: modulation by the lipogenic phenotype of colon tumors

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