Dietary Fiber Intake Modifies the Positive Association between n–3 PUFA Intake and Colorectal Cancer Risk in a Caucasian Population

Abstract

This study suggests that intake of n-3 PUFAs by adults is associated with an increased risk of CRC, which may be driven mainly by sources other than fish. Moreover, a complex interaction with DF intake may be present.

The Interaction between Dietary Fiber and Fat and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative

“…An increased risk of CRC was observed with n -3 PUFA intake and dietary fiber intakes below the median, but not when fiber intakes were above [22]. It is noteworthy that the levels of fiber intakes were markedly lower (mean 26 g/day) relative to the intakes among pescovegetarians in the Seventh Day Adventist population (mean 40 g/day) and the African American intervention participants (mean 55 g/day), but higher than the intakes in our population (mean 16 g/day).…”

“…It is noteworthy that the levels of fiber intakes were markedly lower (mean 26 g/day) relative to the intakes among pescovegetarians in the Seventh Day Adventist population (mean 40 g/day) and the African American intervention participants (mean 55 g/day), but higher than the intakes in our population (mean 16 g/day). Adding to the complexity of the relationship, when evaluated by food sources of n -3 PUFA in the Rotterdam study, increased CRC risk was restricted to intake from non-marine sources which contain ALA; there was no association when n -3 PUFA from marine-derived (e.g., EPA and DHA) sources were evaluated [22]. Contrary to these results, evaluation by n -3 PUFA source in a case-control study did not show any difference between non-marine and marine sources and interaction with dietary fiber.…”

“…Dietary fiber and fat are two of the most well-studied dietary components in this regard [3]. Although many case-control studies have found inverse associations between fiber and fat intakes and CRC [4], data from epidemiologic studies are mixed [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25], possibly due to differences in intake assessment, the type of fiber or fat analyzed, and residual confounding by other lifestyle and dietary factors. More recent studies have attempted to control for dietary confounders such as folate, alcohol, and red meat consumption, yet the contradictions in outcomes persist [7,15,26,27].…”

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation for Reducing Muscle Soreness after Eccentric Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…The predominant components of n-3 PUFA including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which can reduce the production and release of arachidonic acid and proinflammatory prostaglandins (PGs), are believed to have potent anti-inflammatory effects. Nutritional intervention with n-3 PUFA is widely believed to have the potential to alter the trajectory of a wide range of diseases including autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis [1], inflammatory bowel diseases [2][3][4][5], and lupus nephritis [6], as well as cancer [7][8][9][10], cardiovascular diseases [11][12][13][14], metabolic disorders [15], and even neuropsychiatric decrements [16][17][18]. As for healthy individuals, current literatures focus on its implicit roles in metabolism [19] as well as skeletal muscle functions [20,21], among which a number of researches have also revealed its temporal effects in skeletal muscle, and even implied that it may play a role in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) after eccentric exercise.…”

Mix of Allegedly Functional Components Improves Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors

“…Evidence indicates that the ingestion of large amounts of dietetic fibers is significantly associated with lower values of body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and serum LDL-c and triglyceride levels [6][7][8][9]. Soluble and insoluble fractions also exert beneficial physiological and metabolic effects in the prevention and treatment of disorders such as intestinal constipation and diverticulitis, and inflammatory processes associated with chronic pathological conditions such as metabolic syndrome (MS), obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), cancer, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [10][11][12].…”