Myzus persicae Feeding on Water Stressed-Arabidopsis Affects the Emission Profile of Plant Volatile Organic Compounds

Abstract

Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by water-controlled or water-stressed Arabidopsis thaliana infested or not infested with Myzus persicae were evaluated by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The infestations were maintained for 0-24 h, 24-48 h, and 48-72 h, and the emission profile for each time period was determined. Under these controlled conditions, the proportion of 4-methylpentyl isothiocyanate and dimethyl disulfide emitted by aphid-infested, water-stressed Arabidopsis was greater than that for aphid-infested water-controlled Arabidopsis over the 48-72 h sampling period. The proportion of terpene emitted by aphid-infested water-stressed plants also significantly increased compared with the other treatments over the three assayed sampling periods. In contrast, the proportion of 2-ethylhexanal (the only detected aldehyde) and ketones for the water-controlled plants generally remained high following aphid infestation. Taken together, these original data ascertain that abiotic factors can greatly interact to biotic stresses to alter the VOC emission profiles of plants.

Screening of Polish Fir Honeydew Honey Using GC/MS, HPLC‐DAD, and Physical‐Chemical Parameters: Benzene Derivatives and Terpenes as Chemical Markers

“…It has been reported, that in various plants, dimethyl disulfide was emitted in response to the aphid infestation, but its levels were also connected to other factors such as accompanying water stress. [42] The volatile profiles obtained for the honey extractives were also quite consistent, even if some differences were found. For example, the presence of syringaldehyde and vanillin among the samples varied.…”

“…Additionally, some relevant variability of dimethyl disulfide percentage level in the headspace, was found among the samples (0.0 – 22.6%). It has been reported, that in various plants, dimethyl disulfide was emitted in response to the aphid infestation, but its levels were also connected to other factors such as accompanying water stress …”

Stronger diversity effects with increased environmental stress: A study of multitrophic interactions between oak, powdery mildew and ladybirds

“…This alcoholic VOC is well-known as a fungal metabolite of the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway, producing a moldy odor. However, in a study system of aphids, Arabidopsis and water stress, Truong et al [ 43 ] found greater emissions of this and other alcohols under water stress and in the absence of aphid activity, while Kigathi et al [ 44 ] noted 1-octen-3-ol as an Herbivore Induced Plant Volatile (HIPV) produced in certain (non-woody) Fabaceae species, possibly as a defense compound against herbivory. There is no known evidence of 1-octen-3-ol production in Quercus , other than as a result of fungal infections such as in cork from Q .…”