Myxomycete diversity in the Tarim basin and eastern Tian-Shan, Xinjiang Prov., China

Abstract

We report the results of a survey for myxomycetes in the Chinese province of Xinjiang, covering the northern part of the Tarim basin and the eastern Tian-Shan mountains. Sampling in the hyperarid Tarim basin focused on monospecific Tugai forests; these are park-like stands of the phreatophyte Populus euphratica. In a transect from the Tarim basin to the mountains, trees vanish outside the basin, but reoccur at ca. 1,400 m elevation as monospecific forests of Picea schrenkiana; the second focal area of the study. From a total of 362 substrate samples (245 from the Tarim basin, 177 from the mountains) we obtained 477 determinable records of myxomycetes, plus a total of 206 field collections, the latter almost exclusively from the spruce forests in the mountains. From the 80 taxa recorded 53 are represented by field collections, and 32 were found in moist chamber cultures; with a very low overlap in species assemblages found in the field and in cultures. Although receiving less than 50 mm annual precipitation, corticolous myxomycetes were common in the Tugai forests, with Physarum pseudonotabile ad. int., Didymium anellus, Echinostelium colliculosum and Protophysarum phloiogenum as the most common species. Compared to the Tarim basin (21 taxa) the mountains were much richer in myxomycetes (75 taxa), although the diversity recovered from cultures was comparable (21 vs. 28 taxa). Most species from the mountains fruited on decaying spruce, often collected under or even inside the logs due to the extremely dry air. Our results suggest first that there is no lower limit of annual precipitation for myxomycetes, as long as at least some days with nightly dew fall allow these organisms to complete their life cycle. Second, the two examples of surprisingly diverse myxomycete assemblages from monospecific forests demonstrate, that species richness of this group is not necessarily connected with plant diversity of the habitat. This survey is the most eastern of a large-scale study of myxomycete diversity throughout Middle and Central Asia.

Myxomycete diversity of the Patagonian Steppe and bordering areas in Argentina

“…But there is a paucity of information on the cold drylands, since only some areas of Central Asia have been studied in detail (Schnittler & Novozhilov, 2000;Schnittler, 2001;Schnittler & al., 2013;Novozhilov & al., 2006Novozhilov & al., , 2008. The cold deserts of South America have never been systematically surveyed for myxomycete diversity.…”

Myxomycete diversity in the coastal desert of Peru with emphasis on the lomas formations

“…These data complement work carried out in other South American deserts such as the Atacama, Chile (Lado & al., 2007(Lado & al., , 2013 and Monte, Argentina and help to develop an idea of the true myxobiota of the Neotropics. It is becoming increasingly evident that both warm and cold deserts are reservoirs of surprising myxomycete biodiversity, as results from the Patagonian steppe (Lado & al., 2014) and work in other arid areas of Europe and Asia (Schnittler, 2001;Novozhilov & al., 2006;Schnittler & al., 2013) also indicate.…”

Eleven Myxomycete species new to Finland

“…According to GBIF (2016) there are altogether 46 records from Norway, France, Germany, Austria, Mexico, Russia and Japan. Records also from Lithuania (Adamonyté 2007), China (Schnittler et al 2013) and New Caledonia (Kylin et al 2013). Specimen examined: Etelä-Häme.…”