Myxobacteria

Reichenbach, Hans

doi:10.1002/0471250589.ebt149

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The appearance of myxobacterial swarms or fruiting bodies were detected under a dissecting microscope every few days. Fruiting bodies or material from swarm edges were transferred to new water agar plates with E. coli and finally to CY or VY/2 agar, respectively (Reichenbach and Dworkin, ). Pure cultures were transferred from the agar plate to 20 mL CY/H‐medium [per liter: 1.0 g defatted soy flour, 1.0 g glucose, 4.0 g starch (Cerestar), 1.5 g yeast extract, 1.5 g casitone, 1.0 g CaCl 2 • 2H 2 O, 0.5 g MgSO 4 • 7H 2 O, 0.008 g iron EDTA, 11.8 g HEPES, pH 7.3].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of myxobacterial diversity and evaluation of isolation success in two niches: Kiritimati Island and German compost

et al. 2015

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Myxobacteria harbor an enormous potential for new bioactive secondary metabolites and therefore the isolation of in particular new groups is of great interest. The diversity of myxobacteria present in two ecological habitats, namely sand from Kiritimati Island and German compost, was evaluated by both cultivation‐based and cultivation‐independent methods. Phylogenetic analyses of the strains in comparison with 16S rRNA gene sequences from cultured and uncultured material in GenBank revealed a great potential of undescribed myxobacteria in both sampling sites. Several OTUs (operational taxonomic units) represent unknown taxa and were detected by clone bank analyses, but not by cultivation. Clone bank analyses indicated that the myxobacterial community is predominantly indigenous. The 16S rDNA libraries from the two samples were generated from total community DNA with myxobacterial specific forward and universal reverse primer sets. The clones were partially sequenced. Cultivation was successful for exclusively bacteriolytic, but not for cellulolytic myxobacteria and revealed 42 strains from the genera Corallococcus, Myxococcus, and Polyangium. The genera of Myxococcaceae family were represented by both approaches. But, even in this well studied family, as well as in the suborders Sorangiineae and Nannocystineae, a considerable number of clones were assigned to, if any, uncultivated organisms. Our study shows an overrepresentation of the genera Myxococcus spp. and Corallococcus spp. with standard cultivation methods. However, high deficits are demonstrated in the cultivation success of the myxobacterial diversity detected by exclusively cultivation‐independent approaches. Especially, clades which are exclusively represented by clones are of high interest with regard to the cultivation of new bioactive secondary metabolite producers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of myxobacterial diversity and evaluation of isolation success in two niches: Kiritimati Island and German compost

et al. 2015

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“…Myxobacteria are a kind of higher prokaryotic organism and are reported to be a rich source of secondary metabolites [28,29]. To date, more than 80 basic structures and 450 structural variants have been described from microbes, most of which are exclusively produced by myxobacteria [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Efficacy of Myxococcus fulvus ANSM068 to Biotransform Aflatoxin B1

Guan

Zhao

et al. 2010

IJMS

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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is commonly found in cereals and animal feeds and causes a significant threat to the food industry and animal production. Several microbial isolates with high AFB1 transformation ability have been identified in our previous studies. The aim of this research was to characterize one of those isolates, Myxococcus fulvus ANSM068, and to explore its biotransformation mechanism. The bacterial isolate of M. fulvus ANSM068, isolated from deer feces, was able to transform AFB1 by 80.7% in liquid VY/2 medium after incubation at 30 °C for 72 h. The supernatant of the bacterial culture was more effective in transforming AFB1 as compared to the cells alone and the cell extract. The transformation activity was significantly reduced and eradicated after the culture supernatant was treated with proteinase K, proteinase K plus SDS and heating. Culture conditions, including nitrogen source, initial pH and incubation temperature were evaluated for an optimal AFB1 transformation. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) analyses showed that AFB1 was transformed to a structurally different compound. Infrared analysis (IR) indicated that the lactone ring on the AFB1 molecule was modified by the culture supernatant. Chromatographies on DEAE-Ion exchange and Sephadex-Molecular sieve and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis were used to determine active components from the culture supernatant, indicating that enzyme(s) were responsible for the AFB1 biotransformation. This is the first report on AFB1 transformation by a strain of myxobacteria through enzymatic reaction(s).

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“…The G + C-contents of Enhygromyxa species are thus very similar, albeit to some extent lower than those values reported for terrestrial myxobacteria. The latter have a G + C-content between 67 and 72 mol% [1]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most myxobacteria have a heterotrophic life style and the ability to lyse a variety of bacteria and fungi to obtain nutrients from lysis products. Terrestrial myxobacteria usually do not tolerate NaCl concentrations greater than 1.0%, which is clearly lower than that found in seawater with an average of 3.5% NaCl [1]. Although, sporadic reports of myxobacteria from marine environments appeared, only a few seemed to indeed be of marine origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Myxobacteria as a Source of Antibiotics—Comparison of Physiology, Polyketide-Type Genes and Antibiotic Production of Three New Isolates of Enhygromyxa salina

et al. 2010

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Three myxobacterial strains, designated SWB004, SWB005 and SWB006, were obtained from beach sand samples from the Pacific Ocean and the North Sea. The strains were cultivated in salt water containing media and subjected to studies to determine their taxonomic status, the presence of genes for the biosynthesis of polyketides and antibiotic production. 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed the type strain Enhygromyxa salina SHK-1T as their closest homolog, displaying between 98% (SWB005) and 99% (SWB004 and SWB006) sequence similarity. All isolates were rod-shaped cells showing gliding motility and fruiting body formation as is known for myxobacteria. They required NaCl for growth, with an optimum concentration of around 2% [w/v]. The G + C-content of genomic DNA ranged from 63.0 to 67.3 mol%. Further, the strains were analyzed for their potential to produce polyketide-type structures. PCR amplified ketosynthase-like gene fragments from all three isolates enhances the assumption that these bacteria produce polyketides. SWB005 was shown to produce metabolites with prominent antibacterial activity, including activity towards methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE).

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Myxobacteria

Cited by 14 publications

References 64 publications

Comparison of myxobacterial diversity and evaluation of isolation success in two niches: Kiritimati Island and German compost

Comparison of myxobacterial diversity and evaluation of isolation success in two niches: Kiritimati Island and German compost

In Vitro Efficacy of Myxococcus fulvus ANSM068 to Biotransform Aflatoxin B1

Marine Myxobacteria as a Source of Antibiotics—Comparison of Physiology, Polyketide-Type Genes and Antibiotic Production of Three New Isolates of Enhygromyxa salina

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