Myths about freeze desalting

Wiegandt, Herbert; Berg, R.L. Von

doi:10.1016/s0011-9164(00)88571-9

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The concept of freeze desalination dates to at least the 1950s, and most of the literature on the subject dates back to the 1950s, 60s, and 70s [63][64][65][66][67][68] Although the water itself can be used as a refrigerant, most process designs employ a secondary refrigerant. In a direct freezing process, the refrigerant is mixed directly with the brine.…”

Section: Freeze Desalinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Water Resources and Desalination Technologies

Miller¹

2003

191

148

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Water shortages affect 88 developing countries that are home to half of the world's population. In these places, 80-90% of all diseases and 30% of all deaths result from poor water quality. Furthermore, over the next 25 years, the number of people affected by severe water shortages is expected to increase fourfold. Low cost methods to desalinate brackish water and sea water can help reverse this destabilizing trend. Desalination has now been practiced on a large scale for more than 50 years. During this time continual improvements have been made, and the major technologies are now remarkably efficient, reliable, and inexpensive. For many years, thermal technologies were the only viable option, and multi-stage flash (MSF) was established as the baseline technology. Multieffect evaporation (MEE) is now the state-of-the-art thermal technology, but has not been widely implemented. With the growth of membrane science, reverse osmosis (RO) overtook MSF as the leading desalination technology, and should be considered the baseline technology. Presently, RO of seawater can be accomplished with an energy expenditure in the range of 11-60 kJ/kg at a cost of $2 to $4 per 1000 gallons. The theoretical minimum energy expenditure is 3-7 kJ/kg. Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS.

show abstract

Section: Freeze Desalinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Water Resources and Desalination Technologies

Miller¹

2003

191

148

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…separation and requires ice crushing; thus, the operating costs increase (Wiegandt and Berg, 1980;Subramani and Jacangelo, 2015).…”

Section: Experimental Analysis Of Saline Diffusion During Saltwater Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental analysis of saline diffusion during saltwater freezing for desalination purposes

Castillo‐Téllez

Figueroa

Allaf

et al. 2020

Water & Environment J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Freezing Melting (F/M) is considered one of the most sustainable desalination techniques in terms of energy consumption compared with commercial desalination. However, it presents some problems, especially salt trapping in the ice. In this paper, an experimental analysis is carried out to achieve a better understanding of saline ions displacement observed during the freezing of saline water. Different sizes, freezing temperatures and, geometries are tested using the F/M progressive desalination. It is found that salt diffusion improves with increasing the container length. Moreover, for all container geometries, the saline ion diffusion direction is from the bottom to the top of the formed ice. Furthermore, at low freezing temperature (−8°C), it is possible to purify 78.8 % of the frozen water, obtaining an easy-to-separate brine.

show abstract

“…as an indicator of huge potential energy savings compared with traditional evaporative 23 technologies, as well as the lower scaling potential at lower temperatures [60][61][62][63].This emerging 1 technology can be potentially applicable to treatment of high-TDS brine but needs further 2 development to address issues related to equipment and systems for handling ice and separating 3 ice crystals, and correspondingly high capital costs. 4…”

Section: Researchers At the Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Havmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of desalination technologies for treatment of a highly saline brine from a potential CO2 storage site

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Brine extraction is a promising strategy for the management of increased reservoir 2 pressure, resulting from carbon dioxide (CO 2) injection in deep saline reservoirs. The extracted brines usually have high concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS) and various contaminants, and require proper disposal or treatment. In this article, first by conducting a critical review, we evaluate the applicability, limits, and advantages or challenges of various commerciallyavailable and emerging desalination technologies that can potentially be employed to treat the highly saline brine (with TDS values greater than 70,000 ppm) and those that are applicable to a ~200,000 ppm TDS brine extracted from the Mt. Simon Sandstone, a potential CO 2 storage site in Illinois, USA. Based on the side-by-side comparison of technologies, evaporators are selected as the most suitable existing technology for treating Mt. Simon Brine. Process simulations are then conducted for a conceptual design for desalination of 454 m 3 /h (2,000 gpm)pretreated brinefor near-zero liquid discharge by multi-effect evaporators. The thermal energy demandis estimated at 246 kWh per m 3 of recovered water, of which 212 kWh/m 3 is required for multiple-effect evaporation and the remainder for salt drying. The process also requires additional electrical power of ~ 2kWh/m 3 .

show abstract

Myths about freeze desalting

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

Review of Water Resources and Desalination Technologies

Review of Water Resources and Desalination Technologies

Experimental analysis of saline diffusion during saltwater freezing for desalination purposes

Assessment of desalination technologies for treatment of a highly saline brine from a potential CO2 storage site

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About