Myriad of implications of acetyl-
            <scp>l</scp>
            -carnitine deficits in depression

Post, Robert M.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1811389115

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…In his 2018 article, Post points out, in relation to Nasca's report, that LAC has a more rapid onset of effect than fluoxetine [23]. He notes that LAC exerts a rapid antidepressant clinical effect, similarly to ketamine, which is a glutamate modulator and causes an increase in BDNF.…”

Section: Goal and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In his previously cited article, Post also touches upon the issue of vulnerability to depression [23]. He points out that vulnerability to depression is largely associated with early childhood experiences, and treatment with LAC can theoretically reverse that vulnerability in the long run in a manner different than traditional antidepressant drugs.…”

Section: Goal and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Różnice w szybkości odpowiedzi klinicznej (1 tydzień dla ALC vs. 2 tygodnie dla fluoksetyny) już wtedy sugerowały badaczom istnienie różnych mechanizmów działania, prawdopodobnie w związku z aktywacją szybkich procesów wspomagania aktywności neuronalnej [14]. Do raportu Nasci odnosi się również Robert M. Post w artykule z sierpnia 2018r., wskazując na szybszy początek działania ALC w porównaniu do fluoksetyny [23]. Autor zauważa, że ALC wywiera szybki przeciwdepresyjny efekt kliniczny, podobnie jak ketamina, która jest modulatorem glutaminianu i powoduje wzrost BDNF.…”

Section: Cel I Metodaunclassified

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The role of acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC) in the treatment of mental disorders

Stelmach

Romanowski

Olajossy

2019

Curr Probl Psychiatry

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Introduction: Currently, there are no fully reliable biomarkers to identify individuals suffering from depression, and conventional antidepressant treatment has its limitations. The potential influence of acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC) on the treatment of mental disorders, including depressive disorders, was noted already in the 1980s. Goal and method: The literature on the role of LAC in the treatment of mental disorders, in particular depressive disorders, was reviewed using the Google Scholar and Pub Med databases. Two lines of research were considered: 1. the role of LAC in the therapy of various mental disorders and 2. the role of LAC in the treatment of depression and dysthymia Conclusions: Because LAC is safe to use and has a very good tolerance profile, authors have explored its role in the treatment of many neurological and psychiatric diseases. There are studies showing that LAC supplementation has a positive effect on ADHD treatment outcomes in boys diagnosed with fragile X syndrome and plays a role in the treatment of dementia. Research has also been conducted on the impact of LAC on the treatment of depressive and dysthymic disorders. Positive outcomes of such therapy have been reported. An important correlation has been observed between LAC concentrations and the severity and onset of depressive symptoms. For instance, reduced levels of LAC have been found in people with treatment-refractory depression. It has also been proposed that LAC could decrease vulnerability to depression.

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Section: Goal and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Goal and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cel I Metodaunclassified

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The role of acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC) in the treatment of mental disorders

Stelmach

Romanowski

Olajossy

2019

Curr Probl Psychiatry

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“…These include blocking glutamate release with lamotrigine or carbamazepine, and increasing glial glutamate transports to increase clearance of synaptic glutamate with NAC. ALC rapidly increases the production of the inhibitory metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR‐2, which decreases glutamate release by another mechanism and appears to have rapid onset antidepressant effects in animal models of depression by this epigenetic mechanism …”

Section: Rapid Onset Antidepressant Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond evidence‐based treatment of bipolar disorder: Rational pragmatic approaches to management

et al. 2019

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The evidence for efficacy of many currently available treatments for bipolar disorder is based on studies of nonrefractory patients with bipolar disorder. Therefore, not surprisingly, most treatment recommendations and guidelines for the treatment of bipolar disorder and its many comorbidities depend heavily on data from placebo controlled randomized clinical trials (RCTs), but these RCTs provide little direction for the clinician as to what next steps might be optimal in non‐ or partial‐responders and in those with ongoing medical and psychiatric comorbidities. Given this and the paucity of RCTs at later treatment junctures, we thought it appropriate to begin a discussion of the quality of the data that some experts in the field might consider using in choosing and sequencing drugs and their combination. We acknowledge that many other clinical investigators may prefer very different sequences, but thought the suggestions offered here might be useful to some clinicians in the field, might start discussions of other options in the literature, and, at the same time, provide a preliminary outline for a new round of much‐needed clinical trials to better inform clinical practice. Given the very wide range of the quality of the data and clinical principles on which the current suggestions are based, only minimal references are included and a comprehensive review of the literature supporting each option would be outside the scope of this manuscript.

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“…However, a great many patients already present with multiple episodes, cognitive dysfunction, and treatment resistance, and these later-stage characteristics need to be dealt with aggressively. 3 , 23 , 45 , 46 In many instance, this is likely to involve multiple medications 2 (almost all off-label) targeting the medical and psychiatric comorbidities that commonly accompany bipolar disorder ( Box 2 ). When combinations are administered carefully, their side-effect burden can even be lower than when trying to achieve a complete response with high doses of a single substance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to prevent the malignant progression of bipolar disorder

Post

2020

Braz. J. Psychiatry

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There is increasing recognition that, in a high percentage of cases, bipolar disorder is a progressive illness. Multiple types of sensitization (or increased reactivity to repetition of the same stimulus) drive illness progression. One of the clearest is that of episode sensitization, where increased numbers of prior episodes are associated with: faster recurrences; more dysfunction; disability; social, educational, and employment deficits; suicide; medical comorbidities; cognitive dysfunction; and an increased incidence of dementia in old age. Repetition of stressors and bouts of substance abuse can also result in sensitization. Each type of sensitization appears to have an epigenetic basis, such that preventing sensitization should minimize the accumulation of adverse epigenetic chemical marks on DNA, histones, and microRNA. New data emphasize the importance of early, consistent intervention after an initial manic episode. The cognitive dysfunction associated with a first episode improves only if there are no further episode recurrences during the next year. A randomized study has also shown that comprehensive multimodal prophylactic intervention for 2 years leads to improvements in illness course extending over a total of 6 years. Intensive treatment of the earliest stages of bipolar disorder can thus exert lasting positive effects on the course of illness.

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Myriad of implications of acetyl- l -carnitine deficits in depression

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

The role of acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC) in the treatment of mental disorders

The role of acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC) in the treatment of mental disorders

Beyond evidence‐based treatment of bipolar disorder: Rational pragmatic approaches to management

How to prevent the malignant progression of bipolar disorder

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