Myositis and acute kidney injury in bacterial atypical pneumonia: Systematic literature review

Simoni, Chiara; Camozzi, Pietro; Faré, Pietro B.; Bianchetti, Mario G.; Kottanattu, Lisa; Lava, Sebastiano A. G.; Milani, Gregorio P.

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2020.10.007

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Many studies have reported that atypical pathogens can cause respiratory diseases and may induce secondary diseases such as skin lesions, especially urticaria ( De Luigi et al., 2021 ), Fuchs’ syndrome, varicella-like eruptions, Henoch-Schonlein syndrome ( Terraneo et al., 2015 ), acute kidney injury and myositis ( Simoni et al., 2020 ). Therefore, an enormous reduction in the number of children positive for MP and CP had great significance in reducing the burden of respiratory diseases and may reduce the occurrence of these secondary diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Study on Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection of Hospitalized Children in a Single Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cai

Shou²,

Ye³

2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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BackgroundSince the outbreak of COVID-19, a series of preventive and control measures in China have been used to effectively curb the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsMP IgM antibody and CP IgM antibody were detected in all hospitalized children due to acute respiratory tract infection in the Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University from January 2019 to December 2020. These data were compared between 2019 and 2020 based on age and month.ResultsThe overall detection rate of MP and CP in 2020 was significantly lower than that in 2019 (MP: 21.5% vs 32.9%, P<0.001; CP: 0.3% vs 0.9%, P<0.001). This study found a 4-fold reduction in the number of children positive for MP and a 7.5-fold reduction in the number of children positive for CP from 2019 to 2020. The positive cases were concentrated in children aged >1 year old. In 2019, the positive rate of MP was detected more commonly in children 3 years of age or older than in younger children. In 2020, the higher positive rate of MP reached a peak in the 3- to 6-year age group (35.3%). CP was detected predominantly in children aged 6 years older in 2019 and 2020, with positive rates of 4.8% and 2.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, the positive rates of MP in 2019 were detected more commonly in July, August and September, with 47.2%, 46.7% and 46.3%, respectively. Nevertheless, the positive rates of MP from February to December 2020 apparently decreased compared to those in 2019. The positive rates of CP were evenly distributed throughout the year, with 0.5%-1.6% in 2019 and 0.0%-2.1% in 2020.ConclusionsA series of preventive and control measures for SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic can not only contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 but also sharply improve the infection of other atypical pathogens, including MP and CP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Study on Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection of Hospitalized Children in a Single Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cai

Shou²,

Ye³

2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Epidemics of M. pneumoniae pneumonia have occurred in 3-4-year cycles in South Korea, with the most recent epidemic occurring in 2019 [2,3]. Although most patients with M. pneumoniae pneumonia have mild symptoms and a self-limited clinical course, some patients experience severe or refractory pneumonia and/or extrapulmonary complications, such as encephalopathy, Stevens-Jonson syndrome, small-vessel cutaneous vasculitis, myositis, and acute kidney injury, as well as other organ involvement [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrolide-Resistant and Macrolide-Sensitive Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children Treated Using Early Corticosteroids

Han

Park

Yang

et al. 2021

JCM

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We have found that early corticosteroid therapy was effective for reducing morbidity during five Korea-wide epidemics. We evaluated the clinical and laboratory parameters of 56 children who received early corticosteroid treatment for pneumonia that was caused by macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) or macrolide-sensitive M. pneumoniae between July 2019 and February 2020. All subjects had dual positive results from a PCR assay and serological test, and received corticosteroids within 24–36 h after admission. Point mutation of residues 2063, 2064, and 2067 was identified in domain V of 23S rRNA. The mean age was 6.8 years and the male:female ratio was 1.2:1 (31:25 patients). Most of the subjects had macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (73%), and all mutated strains had the A2063G transition. No significant differences in clinical and laboratory parameters were observed between macrolide-resistant and macrolide-sensitive M. pneumoniae groups that were treated with early dose-adjusted corticosteroids. Higher-dose steroid treatment may be needed for patients who have fever that persists for >48 h or increased biomarkers such as lactate dehydrogenase concentration at follow-up despite a usual dose of steroid therapy.

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“…Causative bacteria include Francisella tularensis, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia pneumoniae and C. psittaci. 3 Simoni et al 3 reported 42 previously healthy individuals with atypical pneumonia complicated with myositis, of which 27 cases were caused by Legionella species, 6 cases by other bacteria, 9 cases by Mycoplasma pneumoniae , and one case was caused by Chlamydia psittaci . Of the 42 patients, 37 were diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis-associated AKI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Causative bacteria include Francisella tularensis, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia pneumoniae and C. psittaci , but case reports are rare. 3 Rhabdomyolysis refers to a group of clinical syndromes, such as destruction and necrosis of muscle tissue, destruction of the integrity of muscle cell membrane, damage of tissues and organs, and release of a large amount of myoglobin, creatine kinase (CK), and toxic substances into the blood, caused by various reasons. 4 Only four cases of C. psittaci pneumonia complicated by rhabdomyolysis have been reported globally to date, 5–7 and the data are either out of date or incomplete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Chlamydia psittaci Pneumonia Complicated by Rhabdomyolysis: A Case Series

Zhang¹,

Xiang²,

Yuan³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Purpose To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia complicated by rhabdomyolysis and to improve the success rate of treatment. Patients and Methods The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of four patients with severe C. psittaci pneumonia complicated by rhabdomyolysis diagnosed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results All four patients were male, aged 46–64 years, and all had a history of bird contact. All patients had fever, fatigue, tea-colored urine, myalgia, and two patients were unable to walk. C. psittaci DNA was found by mNGS of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of all four patients. Their creatine kinase was >1000 U/L, and myoglobin, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and brain natriuretic peptide were significantly increased. The McMahon score of three patients was >6 points, of whom one patient suffered from acute kidney injury; he was treated with continuous renal replacement therapy and eventually died. After diagnosis, three patients were treated with doxycycline and quinolones and were discharged after recovery. Conclusion Psittacosis complicated by rhabdomyolysis is characterized by fever, fatigue, myalgia, and tea-colored urine, with significant increases in creatine kinase and myoglobin. The McMahon score should be applied early to assess the risk of acute kidney injury, and renal replacement therapy and renal protection therapy should be initiated in the early stage. Among severely ill patients, early use of empirical antibiotics, including quinolones, may improve the prognosis.

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Myositis and acute kidney injury in bacterial atypical pneumonia: Systematic literature review

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Epidemiological Study on Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection of Hospitalized Children in a Single Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Epidemiological Study on Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection of Hospitalized Children in a Single Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Macrolide-Resistant and Macrolide-Sensitive Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children Treated Using Early Corticosteroids

Severe Chlamydia psittaci Pneumonia Complicated by Rhabdomyolysis: A Case Series

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