Myosin Heavy-Chain Composition of the Human Hyoglossus Muscle

Sokoloff, Alan J.; Daugherty, Megan; Li, Haiyan

doi:10.1007/s00455-009-9227-y

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…The findings of an unusually high proportion of hybrid fibres in the intrinsic tongue muscles are generally in line with recent data from studies on human extrinsic tongue muscles, the styloglossus and hyoglossus [Sokoloff et al, 2007[Sokoloff et al, , 2009. Fibres containing multiple MyHC isoforms have been reported to have contractile properties in between those corresponding to the MyHC isoforms they express [Larsson and Moss, 1993;Bottinelli et al, 1994].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Capillary Supply in Relation to Myosin Heavy Chain Fibre Composition of Human Intrinsic Tongue Muscles

Granberg¹,

Lindell²,

Eriksson³

et al. 2010

Cells Tissues Organs

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The capillary supply and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition of three different intrinsic tongue muscles was analysed in the anterior and posterior regions of the human tongue with biochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. Mean capillary density for the whole tongue was 796 ± 82 cap/mm², without regional differences. The overall number of capillaries around each fibre (CAF) was higher in the posterior than in the anterior region (2.5 vs. 2.1, p = 0.009). However, correcting for regional differences in fibre size, CAF per fibre area was higher in the anterior region (4.3 vs. 3.0, p < 0.001). Muscle fibres containing fast MyHCs predominated in the anterior region (78.7%), consisting of MyHCIIa (58.5%), MyHCIIx (1.0%), MyHCIIa+MyHCIIx (11.3%) and MyHCI+MyHCIIa (7.9%). Fibres containing slow MyHC predominated in the posterior region (65.2%), consisting of MyHCI (45.5%) and MyHCI+MyHCIIa (19.7%). A minor fibre population (<2%) contained unusual MyHC isoforms, namely MyHC foetal, MyHC slow-tonic, MyHC α-cardiac or MyHC embryonic. The microvascularization of the human tongue was twice as high as in human limb muscles. Regional similarities in capillary supply, but differences in fibre phenotype composition, suggest that human tongue muscle fibres are fatigue resistant independently of MyHC content. High frequency of hybrid fibres, that is fibres co-expressing two or more MyHC isoforms, indicates a wider spectrum of fibre contractile properties than in limb muscles. In conclusion, human intrinsic tongue muscles showed internal specialization in distribution of MyHC isoforms and capillary supply, but not in the expression of unusual MyHCs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Capillary Supply in Relation to Myosin Heavy Chain Fibre Composition of Human Intrinsic Tongue Muscles

Granberg¹,

Lindell²,

Eriksson³

et al. 2010

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…In the human styloglossus and hyoglossus, we previously reported 13-19% MHC-beta-MHC-2x fibers but few MHC-2x fibers (we could not distinguish MHC-2a-MHC-2x fibers [Sokoloff et al, 2007b;Sokoloff et al, 2009]), suggesting that this isoform may be primarily expressed in hybrid fibers. In previous IHC studies of adult human extrinsic tongue muscles, we found limited or no MHC-emb, MHC-eo, MHC-neo and MHC-st [Sokoloff et al, 2007a, b;Sokoloff et al, 2009]. Here, we extend these findings to anterior tongue body muscles.…”

Section: Comparison To Other Tongue Studiesmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The human MHC-ma gene produces a truncated and nonfunctional protein but is still transcribed in masseter [Stedman et al, 2004]. MHCst is demonstrated by immunohisotochemistry (IHC) in extraocular muscles, but its presence in other head and neck muscles is in dispute Brandon et al, 2003;Sokoloff et al, 2007a;Sokoloff et al, 2009]. To our knowledge, MHC-st has not been studied by PCR, which enables identification of low levels of mRNA expression.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…muscles with their origin outside of the tongue body) and intrinsic tongue muscles (i.e. muscles with their origin and insertion within the tongue body) have identified MHC-beta, MHC-2a and MHC-2x in the adult macaque and human, and MHC-2b in macaque [Stal et al, 2003;Smith et al, 2006;Sokoloff et al, 2007b;Sokoloff et al, 2009], but have found no or limited developmental and unconventional MHC [Sokoloff et al, 2007a;Sokoloff et al, 2009]. However, these studies are limited by discordance in reports of antibody specificities [Liu et al, 2002;Mu et al, 2004;Sokoloff et al, 2007b], the limited availability of antibodies specific for MHC-alpha and, with the exception of one test for MHC-st [Sokoloff et al, 2007a], no study of unconventional MHC in intrinsic tongue muscles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sarcomeric Myosin Expression in the Tongue Body of Humans, Macaques and Rats

Rahnert

Sokoloff²,

Burkholder³

2009

Cells Tissues Organs

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Expression of developmental and unconventional myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms in some adult head and neck muscles is thought to reflect specific contractile demands of muscle fibers active during kinematically complex movements. Mammalian tongue muscles are active during oromotor behaviors that encompass a wide range of tongue movement speeds and tongue shape changes (e.g. respiration, oral transport, swallowing, rejection), but the extent to which tongue muscles express developmental and unconventional MHC is not known. Quantitative PCR was used to determine the mRNA content of conventional MHC-beta, MHC-2a, MHC-2b and MHC-2x, the developmental isoforms embryonic MHC and neonatal MHC and the unconventional isoforms atrial/cardiac-α MHC (MHC-alpha), extraocular MHC, masseter MHC and slow tonic MHC in tongue body muscles of the rat, macaque and human. In all species, conventional MHC isoforms predominate. MHC-2b and MHC-2x account for 98% of total MHC mRNA in the rat. MHC-2a, MHC-2x and MHC-beta account for 94% of total MHC mRNA in humans and 96% of total MHC mRNA in macaque. With the exception of MHC-alpha in humans (5%), developmental and unconventional MHC mRNA represents less than 0.3% of total MHC mRNA. We conclude that in these species, there is limited expression of developmental and unconventional MHC and that diversity of tongue body muscle fiber contractile properties is achieved primarily by MHC-beta, MHC-2a, MHC-2x and MHC-2b. Whether expression of MHC-alpha mRNA in tongue is unique to humans or present in other hominoids awaits further investigation.

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“…In general, the human tongue is composed mostly of fast (type II) muscle fibers [27,28,29,30]. Genioglossus and the intrinsic tongue muscles are non-uniform in their spatial distributions of fiber types and sizes in a variety of non-human animals (for review, see [31]) and in humans [27,28,32].…”

Section: Muscular Structure Of the Tonguementioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Peripheral Muscular and Anatomical Development for the Acquisition of Lingual Control for Speech Production: A Review

Denny¹,

McGowan²

2012

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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Objectives: Normally developing children learn to produce intelligible speech during rapid, non-uniform growth of their articulators and other vocal tract structures. The purpose of this review is to focus attention on the consequences of peripheral growth and development for the acquisition of lingual control for speech production. This paper (1) reviews physiological underpinnings of tongue shaping and movements that are likely to be changing in young children; (2) estimates, from previously published studies, the net consequences of growth of multiple vocal tract structures on lingual control; (3) integrates our findings with the example of [R] production, and (4) highlights areas where further investigations would be most helpful. Patients and Methods: The authors searched the literature, including the PubMed database, for studies of the development of muscle proteins, muscle fibers, and motor units of the tongue, and of the growth of the tongue, jaw, adenoids, soft and hard palates, oral and pharyngeal cavities, and the vocal tract as a whole. Conclusions: Substantial anatomical and muscular data sets focused on children from 1–4 years of age, and rigorous definitions of the tongue boundaries are needed.

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Myosin Heavy-Chain Composition of the Human Hyoglossus Muscle

Cited by 17 publications

References 68 publications

Capillary Supply in Relation to Myosin Heavy Chain Fibre Composition of Human Intrinsic Tongue Muscles

Capillary Supply in Relation to Myosin Heavy Chain Fibre Composition of Human Intrinsic Tongue Muscles

Sarcomeric Myosin Expression in the Tongue Body of Humans, Macaques and Rats

Implications of Peripheral Muscular and Anatomical Development for the Acquisition of Lingual Control for Speech Production: A Review

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