Myocardial infarction and ischaemic heart disease in infants and children. Analysis of 29 cases and review of the literature.

Cardiac Recovery and Survival After Neonatal Myocardial Infarction

“…Laboratory studies are not consistent with a viral myocarditis, sepsis, or a metabolic defect in this patient. Myocardial infarction among older infants and children may be caused by anomalous origin of the left coronary artery, coronary artery stenosis, Kawasaki disease, endocarditis, and myocarditis [4,7]. In neonates with MI, however, coronary artery thromboembolus is the most common etiology described [4].…”

“…Previous reports focus on the postmortem findings, with a paucity of information on management [1,3,4]. Early recognition of neonatal MI and aggressive cardiovascular support may change this dismal outcome.…”

Myocardial aneurysm in association with disseminated cytomegalovirus infection

“…Thrombosis has also been observed to occur adjacent to foci of intimal irregularity and thickening [6], such foci being frequently found in autopsy studies of newborn infants [8] . Coronary artery thrombosis in Infancy has not been found at autopsy in the typical cases of interstitial myocarditis [2] and was not found at angiography in the reported case of left v entricular aneurysm complicating suspected congenital rubella and cardiomyopathy [15] . In the infant described here, none of the aforementioned Pathological processes appear to have played a role .…”

“…Thrombosis of the coronary arteries in children, although rare, has been recognized in association With systemic arterial disorders such as medial sclerosis and polyarteritis nodosa [2,13] and in cases of syphilitic arteritis [13] . Thrombosis has also been observed to occur adjacent to foci of intimal irregularity and thickening [6], such foci being frequently found in autopsy studies of newborn infants [8] .…”

Subendocardial infarction associated with ventricular hypertrophy in preterm infants with chronic lung disease

“…Reported etiologies in these age groups include coronary artery anomaly, coronary thromboembolus, perinatal asphyxia, aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta and myocarditis. [1][2][3] We describe here three preterm neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and pulmonary hypertension who incurred subendocardial infarctions in association with ventricular hypertrophy.…”