Myelin staining of deep white matter in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and unipolar major depression

A neural model of voluntary and automatic emotion regulation: implications for understanding the pathophysiology and neurodevelopment of bipolar disorder

“…Other findings suggest more widespread 127 or no white matter abnormalities 114,128 in adult BD. These data thus appear compatible with evidence from postmortem studies indicating that BD subjects show abnormally decreased myelin staining in the deep white matter of the DLPFC 129 and reduced expression of oligodendroglia-related genes in multiple PFC regions (reviewed in Sokolov 130 ). Diffusion tensor imaging studies that allow measurement of the structural integrity of specific white matter tracts have reported reduced integrity of white matter tracts in bilateral OFC in adult BD.…”

“…131,132 Recent findings indicate abnormalities specifically in left OFC and bilateral dorsal PFC. Here, studies have reported a greater number of reconstructed white matter fibers between left subgenual ACG and amygdala 133 and decreased integrity of bilateral white matter tracts in dorsal prefrontal cortical regions 129,134 in adult BD.…”

Impaired integrity of the brain parenchyma in non-geriatric patients with major depressive disorder revealed by diffusion tensor imaging

“…The autopsy reports of patients with MDD are scarce. Limited evidence has suggested myelin pallor in the white matter underlying prefrontal cortex (Regenold et al, 2007). Taken together with the knowledge that myelin pallor results from demyelination, incomplete myelination of axons, axonal loss, or axonal agenesis, our finding of FA decrease in the bilateral frontal white matter and anterior limbs of internal capsule may reflect axon and/ or myelin abnormality.…”

Hyperforin promotes mitochondrial function and development of oligodendrocytes

“…Several oligodendrocyte development genes including Olig2 are also decreased in MDD (Aston et al, 2005). The decreases of oligodendrocyte density, myelin staining and MBP expressions have also been found in the brains of patients with MDD (Hamidi et al, 2004;Honer et al, 1999;Regenold et al, 2007). Both genesis and myelination of oligodendrocytes are impaired in MDD.…”

“…In postmortem studies, downregulations of both oligodendrocyte precursor development-related genes and oligodendrocyte myelin formation-related genes have been observed in the temporal cortex (Aston et al, 2005). The myelin staining of deep white matter in the brains of patients with MDD was decreased in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex which has extensive axonal connections to the limbic system and to the cortices (Regenold et al, 2007;Taylor et al, 2004). In an in vivo study, the toxin-induced glial cell loss alone was sufficient to induce depressive-like state in the rat without affecting neurons in prefrontal cortex (Banasr and Duman, 2008).…”